Экономическая история XX века. Как прогресс, кризисы и гениальные идеи изменили мир - Джеймс Брэдфорд ДеЛонг

4. Ronald Coase, The Nature of the Firm, Economica 4, no. 16 (1937): 386–405.

5. Janos Kornai, The Economics of Shortage, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1979.

6. Напомню утверждение соучредителя Чикагской школы экономики Генри Саймонса, что разрушающая доверие Федеральная торговая комиссия должна быть самым важным и активным подразделением правительства. Henry Simons, Economic Policy for a Free Society, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948

7. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Macmillan, 1936, chap. 24.

8. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1933, American Presidency Project, University of California, Santa Barbara, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/inaugural-address-8.

9. Некоторое время Фридман основывал свои доводы на исторических корреляциях, утверждая, что «нейтральную» денежную политику можно автоматизировать. Но, как и предупреждал Чарльз Гудхарт, исторические параллели перестали работать, едва центральные банки попытались использовать их как инструмент управления. См. C. A. E. Goodhart, Problems of Monetary Management: The UK Experience, in Monetary Theory and Practice: The UK Experience, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1984, 91–121. Затем Фридман занял позицию, согласно которой «нейтральным» является то, что работает. См. Timothy B. Lee, Milton Friedman Would Be Pushing for Easy Money Today, Forbes, June 1, 2012, www.forbes.com/sites /timothylee/2012/06/01/milton-friedman-would-be-pushing-for-easy-money-today/?sh=76b918545b16.

10. Keynes, General Theory, chap. 24.

11. Employment Act of 1946, 15 U.S.C. § 1021, archived at Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research (FRASER), https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/employment-act-1946-1099; J. Bradford De Long, Keynesianism, Pennsylvania Avenue Style: Some Economic Consequences of the Employment Act of 1946, Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, no. 3 (Fall 1996): 41–53.

12. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Letter to Edgar Newton Eisenhower, November 8, 1954, available at Teaching American History, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-edgar-newton-eisenhower.

13. Thomas Piketty and Emmanual Saez, Income Inequality in the United States, Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 1 (February 2003): 1–39, https://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/pikettyqje.pdf.

14. Nelson Lichtenstein, The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit: Walter Reuther and the Fate of American Labor, New York: Basic Books, 1995.

15. J. Bradford DeLong and Barry Eichengreen, The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program, in Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Its Lessons for the East Today, ed. Rüdiger Dornbusch, Willem Nolling, and Richard Layard, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003.

16. Charles Kindleberger, Europe's Postwar Growth: The Role of Labor Supply, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Center for International Affairs, 1967; Barry Eichengreen, The European Economy Since 1945: Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947.

17. Marcel Mauss, The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, New York: Routledge, 1990 [1950].

18. Robert Gordon, Postwar Macroeconomics: The Evolution of Events and Ideas, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper 459, issue date March 1980, available at NBER, www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w0459/w0459.pdf.

19. Richard Nixon, Six Crises, New York: Doubleday, 1962.

20. Paul Volcker and Toyoo Gyohten, Changing Fortunes: The World's Money and the Threat to American Leadership, New York: Random House, 1992.

21. Arthur Burns, Progress Towards Economic Stability, American Economic Review 50, no. 3 (March 1960): 1–19.

22. John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, London: Macmillan, 1919, 220.

23. Keynes, Economic Consequences, 235–236.

Неолиберальный поворот

1. John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, London: Macmillan, 1919, 22.

2. John Maynard Keynes, Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren, reprinted in John Maynard Keynes, The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, vol. 9, Essays in Persuasion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, 328.

3. Gareth Dale, Karl Polanyi: A Life on the Left, New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Also very much worth reading is Tim Rogan, The Moral Economists: R. H. Tawney, Karl Polanyi, E. P. Thompson, and the Critique of Capitalism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.

4. Joan Robinson, The Cultural Revolution in China, New York: Penguin, 1967; Jan Myrdal, Report from a Chinese Village, New York: Pantheon Books, 1965.

5. Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.

6. William Nordhaus, Retrospectives on the 1970s Productivity Slowdown, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

7. Насколько Никсон и Киссинджер действительно поддерживали трехкратное повышение цен на нефть (они, похоже, полагали, что это сыграет на руку США: рост цен обеспечит шаха Ирана Мохаммеда Резу Пехлеви средствами на закупку вооружения, с помощью которого он сможет досаждать Советскому Союзу), я так и не смог точно выяснить. Тогдашний министр финансов Уильям Саймон считал это главным аргументом, и это оказалось ужасной ошибкой. V. H. Oppenheim, See the Past: We Pushed Them, Foreign Policy 25 (Winter 1976–1977): 24–57; David M. Wight, Oil Money: Middle East Petrodollars and the Transformation of US Empire, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2021.

8. Jonathon Hazell, Juan Herreño, Emi Nakamura, and Jón Steinsson, The Slope of the Phillips Curve: Evidence from U.S. States, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper 28005, issue date October 2020, revised May 2021, available at NBER, www.nber.org/papers/w28005; Olivier Blanchard, The U.S. Phillips Curve: Back to the 60s? Peterson Institute for International Economics, January 2016, www.piie.com/publications/pb/pb16-1.pdf.

9. John A. Farrell, Richard Nixon: The Life, New York: Doubleday, 2017.

10. Martin Feldstein, Introduction, in The American Economy in Transition, ed. Martin Feldstein, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980, 1–8; Albert O. Hirschman, The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991.

11. Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991, London: Michael Joseph, 1984, 460.

12. См. Eric Hobsbawm's interview with Michael Ignatieff, The Late Show – Eric Hobsbawm – Age of Extremes (24 October 1994), YouTube, posted by “tw19751,” November 6, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnd2Pu9NNPw; Sarah Lyall, A Communist Life with No Apologies, New York Times, August 23, 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/08/23/books/a-communist-life-with-no-apology.html.

13. George Stigler, The Problem of the Negro, New Guard 5 (December 1965): 11–12, available at Digressions and Impressions, website of Eric Schliesser, https://digressionsnimpressions.typepad.com/digressionsimpressions/2020/06/stiglerracism.html.

14. Paul Volcker and Toyoo Gyohten, Changing Fortunes: The World's Money and the Threat to American Leadership, New York: Random House, 1992. Волкер вспоминает, как «с некоторым раздражением» сказал Бернсу, в то время главе ФРС: «Артур <..> тебе лучше пойти домой и подкопить денег». См. Arthur Burns, Progress Towards Economic Stability, American Economic Review 50, no. 3 (March 1960): 1–19.

15. Stuart Eizenstat, Economists and White House Decisions, Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, no. 3 (Summer 1992): 65–71.

16. Barrie Wigmore and Peter Temin, The End of One Big Deflation,