Украденный фокус. Почему мы страдаем от дефицита внимания и как сосредоточиться на самом важном - Йоханн Хари

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53. Ingraham, ‘Leisure reading in the U.S. is at an all-time low’.

54. E. Brown, ‘Americans spend far more time on their smartphones than they think’, Zdnet, 28 April 2019. www.zdnet.com/article/americansspend-far-more-time-on-their-smartphones-than-theythink.

55. Reading at Risk, National Endowment for the Arts, 2002. www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/RaRExec_0.pdf.

56. A. Flood ‘Literary fiction in crisis as sales drop dramatically, Arts Council England reports’, Guardian, 15 December 2017. www.theguardian.com/books/2017/dec/15/literaryfiction-in-crisis-as-sale-drop-dramatically-arts-councilengland-reports.

57. W. Self, ‘The printed word in peril’, Harpers, October 2018.harpers.org/archive/2018/10/the-printed-word-in-peril.

58. A. Mangen, G. Olivier and J. Velay, ‘Comparing Comprehension of a Long Text Read in Print Book and on Kindle: Where in the Text and When in the Story?’, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2019, p. 38.

59. P. Delgado et al., ‘Don’t throw away your printed books: a meta-analysis on the eff ects of reading media on reading comprehension’, Educational Research and Reviews, 25, 2018, pp. 23–38.

60. N. Carr, The Shallows: How the Internet Is Changing the Way We Think, Read and Remember (London: Atlantic Books, 2010), p. 6.

61. Gerald Emanuel Stern (ed.), McLuhan Hot & Cool: A primer for the understanding of and a critical symposium with a rebuttal (New York: Dial Press, 1967), pp. 20, 23, 65, 212–13, 215.

62. R. A. Mar et al., ‘Exposure to media and theory-of-mind development in preschoolers’, Cognitive Development, 25 (1), 2010, pp. 69–78.

63. Mar et al., ‘Exposure to media and theory-of-mind development in preschoolers’.

64. W. James, The Principles of Psychology, 1890, chapter XI: psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/prin11.htm.

65. M. E. Raichle et al., ‘A default mode of brain function’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98 (2), 2001, pp. 676–82. Я впервые узнал о нем из книги Леонарда Млодинова: Elastic: Flexible Thinking in a Constantly Changing World (London: Penguin, 2018), pp. 110–21.

См. также: G. Watson, Attention : Beyond Mindfulness (London: Reaktion Books, 2017), p. 90.

66. J. Smallwood, D. Fishman and J. Schooler, ‘Counting the Cost of an Absent Mind’, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 2007; W. Gallagher, Rapt: Attention and the Focused Life (London: Penguin, 2009), p. 149.

67. Y. Citton, The Ecology of Attention (Cambridge: Polity, 2016), pp. 116–17.

68. B. Medea et al., ‘How do we decide what to do? Resting-state connectivity patterns and components of self-generated thought linked to the development of more concrete personal goals’, Experimental Brain Research, 236, 2018, pp. 2469–81.

69. B. Baird et al., ‘Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation’, Psychological Science, 23 (10), October 2012, pp. 1117–22.

70. J. Smallwood, F. J. M. Ruby, T. Singer, ‘Letting go of the present: Mindwandering is associated with reduced delay discounting, Consciousness and Cognition, 22 (1), 2013, pp. 1–7.

71. M. Killingsworth and D. Gilbert, ‘A Wandering Mind is an Unhappy Mind, Science, 12 November 2010. See also Watson, Attention, pp. 15, 70.

72. T. Ferris, ‘The Tim Ferris Show Transcripts – Fighting Skynet and Firewalling Attention’, Tim.Blog (blog), 24 September 2019. www.tim.blog/2019/09/24/the-tim-ferrissshow-transcripts-tristan-harris-fighting-skynet-andfirewalling-attention-387.

73. Ferris, ‘The Tim Ferris Show Transcripts’.

74. B. J. Fogg, Persuasive Technology (San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman, 2003), pp. 7–8.

75. Fogg, Persuasive Technology, p. ix.

76. I. Leslie, ‘The scientists who make apps addictive’, 1843 Magazine, 20 October 2016. www.1843magazine.com/features/the-scientists-who-make-apps-addictive.

77. Ferris, ‘The Tim Ferris Show Transcripts’.

78. T. Harris, ‘How a handful of tech companies control billions of minds every day’, TED talk, TED2017. www.ted.com/talks/tristan_harris_how_a_handful_of_tech_companies_control_billions_of_minds_every_day?language=en.

79. C. Newton, ‘Google’s new focus on wellbeing started five years ago with this presentation’, The Verge, 10 May 2018. www.theverge.com/2018/5/10/17333574/google-android-pupdate-tristan-harris-design-ethics.

80. A. Marantz, ‘Silicon Valley’s Crisis of Conscience’, New Yorker, 19 August 2019.

81. Эта презентация доступна на сайте minimizedistraction.com.

82. N. Thompson, ‘Tristan Harris: Tech Is Downgrading Humans’, Wired, 23 April 2019;

N. Hiltzik, ‘Ex-Google Manager Leads A Drive To Rein in Pernicious Impact of Social Media’, Los Angeles Times, 10 May 2019.

83. Ferris, ‘The Tim Ferris Show Transcripts’.

84. T. Harris, Senate Commerce Committee testimony, 25 June 2019. www.Commerce. Senate.gov/services/files/96E3A739-DC8D-45F1-87D7-EC70A368371D.

85. P. Marsden, ‘Humane: A New Agenda for Tech’, Digital Wellbeing, 25 April 2019. www.digitalwellbeing.org/humane-a-new-agenda-for-techspeed-summary-and-video

86. Аза в беседе со мной.

87. S. Kirkland, ‘Time.com’s bounce rate down 15 percentage points since adopting continuous scroll’, Poynter, 20 July 2014. www.web.archive.org/web/20150507024326/http://www.poynter.org:80/news/mediawire/257466/time-coms-bounce-rate-down-15-percentage-points-since-adopting-continuous-scroll.

88. T. Ong, ‘Sean Parker on Facebook’, The Verge, 9 November 2017. www.theverge.com/2017/11/9/16627724/sean-parker-facebook-childrens-brains-feedback-loop.

См. также: A. Alter, Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked (London: Penguin, 2017), p. 1.

89. Roger McNamee, Zucked: Waking up to the Facebook Catastrophe (HarperCollins, 2019), pp. 146–7;

R. Seymour, The Twittering Machine (London: Indigo Press, 2019), pp. 26–7.

90. James Williams, Stand Out of Our Light (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), p. 102.

91. Nir Eyal, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products (London: Penguin, 2014), p. 11;

P. Graham, ‘The Acceleration of Addictiveness’, Paul Graham (blog), July 2010. www.paulgraham.com/addiction.html?viewfullsite=1.

92. S. Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism (New York: Public Aff airs, 2019).

93. P. M. Litvak, J. S. Lerner, L. Z. Tiedens and K. Shonk, ‘Fuel in the Fire: How anger affects decision-making’, International Handbook of Anger, 2010, pp. 287–310, citing C. H. Hansen and R. D. Hansen, ‘Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (6), 1988, pp. 917–24.

См. также: See also R. C. Solomon, A Passion for Justice (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1990);

C. Tavris, Anger: The misunderstood emotion (New York: Touchstone Books/Simon & Schuster, 1989).

94. Litvak et al., ‘Fuel in the Fire’, ссылка J. M. Haviland and M. Lelwica, ‘The induced aff ect response: 10-week old infants’responses to three emotion expressions’, Developmental Psychology, 23 (1), 1987, pp. 97–104.

95. M. Jaworski, ‘The Negativity Bias: why the bad stuff sticks’, PsyCom, 19 February 2020. www.psycom.net/negativity-bias.

96. www.algotransparency.org

97. William J. Brady et al., ‘Emotion shapes the diff usion of adicaliz content in social networks’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 28, 2017, pp. 7313–18.

98. Partisan Conflict and Congressional Outreach, Pew Research Center, 23 February 2017. www.pewresearch.org/politics/2017/02/23/partisan-conflict-and-congressional-outreach/pdl-02-23-17_antipathy-new-00-02.

99. В интервью газете Mail on Sunday в 1993 году.

100. Nolen Gertz, Nihilism and Technology, (Rowman & Littlefi eld, 2018), p. 97; Madrigal, ‘Many many Facebook users still don’t know