Локомотивы истории: Революции и становление современного мира - Мартин Малиа

64

Ozment S. The Age of Reform (1250–1550): An Intellectual and Religious History of Late Medieval and Reformation Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980. P. 231.

65

Cm.: Huizinga J. The Autumn of the Middle Ages. Chicago: University df Chicago Press, 1996. Тема позднего Средневековья как тревожного времени дополнена и широко документирована в работах Ж. Делюмо: Delumeau J. La peur en Occident, XlVe-XVIIIe siecles: Une cite assigee. Paris: Fayard, 1978; Idem. Le peche et la peur: La culpabilisation en Occident, Xllle-XVIIIe socles. Paris: Fayard, 1983.

66

Cm.: Oberman H. The Shape of Late Medieval Thought // Oberman H. The Dawn of the Reformation: Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986.

67

Hyma A. The Christian Renaissance: A History of the «Devotio Moderna». 2nd ed. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1965.

68

Goertz H.-J. Pfaffenhass und gross Geschrei: Die reformatorischen Bewegungen in Deutschland, 1517–1529. Mtlnchen: С. H. Beck, 1987.

69

Holborn H. Ulrich von Hutten. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1968.

70

Chaunu P. Le temps des reformes. Paris: Fayard, 1975. P. 441.

71

Blickle P. Communal Reformation: The Quest for Salvation in Sixteenth-century Germany / trans. T. Dunlap. Atlantic Highlands, N. J.: Humanities Press, 1992.

72

Dickens A.G. The German Nation and Martin Luther. London: Edward Arnold, 1974.

73

Moeller В. Imperial Cities and the Reformation: Three Essays. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1972.

74

Brady T. A., Jr. Turning Swiss: Cities and Empire, 1450–1550. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

75

Blickle P. Communal Reformation; Ozment S. E. The Reformation in the Cities: The Appeal of Protestantism to Sixteenth-Century Germany and Switzerland. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.

76

См. приложение I.

77

См. выше, гл. 1.

78

Brady T., Jr. Ruling Class, Regime and Reformation at Strasbourg, 1520–1555. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978.

79

Blickle P. Memmingen — A Center of the Reformation // Blickle P. From the Communal Reformation to the Revolution of the Common Man / trans. B. KUmin. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

80

Oberman H. Zwingli's Reformation between Success and Failure // Oberman H. The Reformation: Roots and Ramifications / trans. A. C. Gow. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993.

81

Lindberg C. The European Reformations. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1996. P. 169.

82

Энтузиазм, фанатизм (нем.). — Примеч. пер.

83

Ozment S.E. Mysticism and Dissent: Religious Ideology and Social Protest in the Sixteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973; Rupp G. Patterns of Reformation. London: Epworth Press, 1969.

84

Goertz H.-J. Thomas MUntzer: Apocalyptic, Mystic, and Revolutionary / trans. J. Jaquiery. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993; Gritsch E. W. Thomas MUntzer: A Tragedy of Errors. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1989.

85

Bossy J. Christianity in the West, 1400–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. P. 109.

86

Gritsch E.W. Thomas MUntzer and Luther: A Tragedy of Errors // Radical Tendencies in the Reformation: Divergent Perspectives / ed. H. J. Hillerbrand. Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1988; Goertz H.-J. The Mystic with the Hammer: Thomas MUntzer's Theological Basis for Revolution // The Anabaptists and Thomas MUntzer / ed. J. M. Stayer, W. O. Packull. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1980.

87

Clasen C.-P. Anabaptism: A Social History, 1525–1618: Switzerland, Austria, Moravia and Central Germany. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972. Данные о численности анабаптистов см. в гл. 2.

88

Bainton R. The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 1952; Williams G.H. The Radical Reformation.

89

Blickle P. From the Communal Reformation to the Revolution of the Common Man.

90

Blickle P. The Revolution of 1525 / trans. T. A. Brady, Jr., H. С. E. Midelfort. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981. P. 51.

91

Blickle P. Revolution of 1525. P. 78–86. См. также: Idem. From the Communal Reformation to the Revolution of the Common Man; Idem. Communal Reformation.

92

См. выше, гл. 2.

93

Stayer J.М. Anabaptists and the Sword. Lawrence, Kan.: Coronado Press, 1972.

94

Williams G.H. The Radical Reformation. Chap. 10.

95

Stayer J.M. Christianity in One City: Anabaptist Munster, 15341535 // Radical Tendencies in the Reformation.

96

Brady T.A., Jr. Protestant Politics: Jacob Sturm (1489–1553) and the German Reformation. Atlantic Highlands, N. J.: Humanities Press, 1995.

97

Я привожу по памяти часто используемые Лютером критерии истинной церкви.

98

См., напр.: Wehler Н.U. Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte. 4 Bde. MUnchen: С. H. Beck, 1987–2003.

99

Эта точка зрения высказывалась в различных формах. См., напр.: Taylor A.J.Р. The Course of German History: A Survey of the Development of Germany since 1815. New York: Capricorn Books, 1962; Fromm E. Escape from Freedom. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969 (впервые опубл, в 1941 г.).

100

См. выше, гл. 2.

101

Лучший обзор кальвинизма как европейского движения см.: Benedict Р. Christ's