Тяга. Всемирная история зависимости - Карл Эрик Фишер

688

Morgan, Literary Outlaw, loc. 3959.

689

William Burroughs Jr., “Life with Father,” Esquire, September 1, 1971, https://classic.esquire.com/article/1971/9/1/life-with-father.

690

Подробности о деле взяты из показаний Робинсона на суде: Transcript of Record, Robinson v. California, Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1961, no. 554. Audio of Supreme Court arguments available at “Robinson v. California,” Oyez (website), accessed March 4, 2021, https://www.oyez.org/cases/1961/554. См. также сам вердикт Верховного суда: Robinson v. California, 370 U. S. 660 (1962), 82 S.Ct. 1417 (1962), а также работу Erik Luna, “The Story of Robinson: From Revolutionary Constitutional Doctrine to Modest Ban on Status Crimes,” в кн. Criminal Law Stories, ed. Donna Coker and Robert Weisberg (New York: Foundation Press, 2013), 47–56, а кроме того: Nancy D. Campbell, OD: Naloxone and the Politics of Overdose (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019), 64. О расовых предрассудках при остановке транспортных средств см., к примеру: “Findings,” Stanford Open Policing Initiative (website), accessed March 4, 2021, https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/findings/.

691

Следует отметить, что решение суда Калифорнии предполагало дальнейшую криминализацию состояния зависимости. См. решение суда: “Robinson v. California,” Oyez.

692

Brief of Appellee at 8, Robinson v. California, 370 US 660 (1962).

693

Transcript of Oral Argument, April 17, 1962, Robinson v. California, https://www.oyez.org/cases/1961/554.

694

Robinson v. California, 370 U. S. 660, 82 S.Ct. 1417 (1962).

695

David F. Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 338n44; Drug Addiction, Crime or Disease? Interim and Final Reports of the Joint Committee of the American Bar Association and the American Medical Association (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1961), Appendix A, http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/dacd/Default.htm.

696

Lawrence Kolb, “Let’s Stop This Narcotics Hysteria!” Saturday Evening Post, July 28, 1956, https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2016/09/narcotics-hysteria-criminalization-drug-addiction/.

697

Alfred R. Lindesmith, Addiction and Opiates (Chicago: Aldine, 1968).

698

Drug Addiction, Crime or Disease?; William L. White, Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Lighthouse Institute, 2014), 351; Rufus King, The Drug Hang-Up: America’s Fifty-Year Folly (Springfield, IL: Bannerstone House, 1972); David T. Courtwright, Herman Joseph, and Don Des Jarlais, Addicts Who Survived: An Oral History of Narcotic Use in America before 1965 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2012), 297–298.

699

David T. Courtwright, “A Century of American Narcotic Policy,” in Treating Drug Problems, vol. 2, ed. D. R. Gerstein and H. J. Harwood (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1992), 25; King, Drug Hang-Up, гл. 18.

700

“Drug Case Victory Won after Death of Addict,” Los Angeles Times, June 26, 1962, цит. по Jordan Mylet, “The Mark of a Criminal: ‘Vag Addicts,’ Police Power, and Civil Rights in Postwar America,” Points in History (blog), June 18, 2020, https://pointshistory.com/2020/06/18/the-mark-of-a-criminal-vag-addicts-police-power-and-civil-rights-in-postwar-america/.

701

Rod A. Janzen, The Rise and Fall of Synanon: A California Utopia (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 24, 134, 223.

702

Hillel Aron, “The Story of This Drug Rehab-Turned-Violent Cult Is Wild, Wild Country–Caliber Bizarre,” Los Angeles Magazine, April 23, 2018, https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/synanon-cult/.

703

Janzen, Rise and Fall of Synanon, 135.

704

Aron, “Drug Rehab-Turned-Violent Cult.”

705

Claire D. Clark, Recovery Revolution: The Battle over Addiction Treatment in the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), 10, 20; Janzen, Rise and Fall of Synanon, 10.

706

Aron, “Drug Rehab-Turned-Violent Cult.”

707

Пол Моранц написал собственную книгу о Синаноне: Paul Morantz, From Miracle to Madness (Los Angeles: Cresta Publications, 2014). Это захватывающий текст. См. стр. 34–35, где подробно обсуждаются философские интересы Дедериха и его ранние годы.

708

Ernest Kurtz, “Whatever Happened to Twelve-Step Programs?” в кн. The Collected Ernie Kurtz (New York: Authors Choice, 2008), 145–176.

709

Clark, Recovery Revolution, 23.

710

Чарльз Дедерих, цит. по Janzen, Rise and Fall of Synanon. Подробнее о промывке мозгов: Дэвид Дитч, один из ранних лидеров движения терапевтических сообществ, считает, что на Дедериха непосредственно повлияли свидетельства очевидцев Корейской войны. См. David A. Deitch, “Treatment of Drug Abuse in the Therapeutic Community: Historical Influences, Current Considerations, and Future Outlook,” в кн. Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective, vol. 4, Treatment and Rehabilitation, ed. National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1973), 158–175.

711

Claire Clark, “ ‘Chemistry Is the New Hope’: Therapeutic Communities and Methadone Maintenance, 1965–1971,” Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 26, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 192–216, https://doi.org/10.1086/SHAD26020192.

712

Не следует путать эти сообщества с терапевтическими сообществами, возникшими в рамках британской психиатрической школы для лечения общих психических проблем и не оказавшими значительного влияния на Дедериха.

713

Deitch, “Treatment of Drug Abuse,” 164–165; William L. White, William R. Miller, “The Use of Confrontation in Addiction Treatment: History, Science and Time for Change,” Counselor 8, no. 4 (March 2009): 12–30. Журналист Кевин Хелдман приводит живое описание некоторых методик терапевтических сообществ из первых рук: он сам был пациентом такого сообщества в 1980 х, см. Kevin Heldman, “Rehab as Skinner Box, Boys Town and Hogan’s Heroes: Attempts to Turn Burnouts, Gangstas, and Misfits into Dale Carnegie through Scrubbing Floors, Wearing Diapers, and Sitting Motionless on a Bench for a Month,” Journalism Works Project, accessed March 4, 2021, http://journalismworksproject.org/rehab1.html; J. D. Dickey, “The Dark Legacy of a Rehab Cult,” Fix, May 9,