Тяга. Всемирная история зависимости - Карл Эрик Фишер

1973, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/radio-address-about-the-state-the-union-message-law-enforcement-and-drug-abuse-prevention.

806

James Q. Wilson, “If Every Criminal Knew He Would Be Punished If Caught,” New York Times, January 28, 1973, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/28/archives/if-every-criminal-knew-he-would-be-punished-if-caught-but-he-doesnt.html.

807

Hinton, From the War on Poverty. См. также Kerwin Kaye, Enforcing Freedom (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019), 52.

808

Bart Barnes, “Harold Hughes Dies at 74,” Washington Post, October 25, 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/10/25/harold-hughes-dies-at-74/5c2e1ca8-ce34–4d3f-93f4-d684ba9f1e5b/.

809

Nancy Olson, With a Lot of Help from Our Friends: The Politics of Alcoholism Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press, 2003), 110–117.

810

Harold Hughes, North American Congress on Alcohol and Drug Problems, San Francisco, California, December 13, 1974, цит. по Olson, With a Lot of Help, 457–458. См. также Harold A. Mulford, Alcoholism in Wonderland: A Memoir (self-pub, 2001), http://www.williamwhitepapers.com/pr/Mulford%20Memoir%202001.pdf; “Public Figures Take Part in Program at Conference,” NIAAA Information and Feature Service, October 1, 1974, 5, https://books.google.com/books?id=DFUsrIfed8sC.

811

White, Slaying the Dragon, 376–383, 391. Прочие изменения включали в себя федеральное законодательство и рост числа людей, обращающихся за лечением. О законодательстве: Constance Weisner, Robin Room, “Financing and Ideology in Alcohol Treatment,” Social Problems 32, no. 2 (December 1984): 167–184, https://doi.org/10.2307/800786. О росте числа пациентов: Robin Room, “Treatment-Seeking Populations and Larger Realities,” в кн. Alcoholism Treatment in Transition, ed. Griffith Edwards and Marcus Grant (London: Croom Helm, 1980), 205–224. Бюджет Национального института по борьбе со злоупотреблением алкоголем и алкоголизмом вырос с 6.5 миллионов долларов в 1970 году до 214 миллионов долларов в 1975. William Grimes, “Morris Chafetz, 87, Dies; Altered View of Alcoholism,” New York Times, October 21, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/us/morris-chafetz-87-dies-altered-view-of-alcoholism.html. К 1977 году специализированные лечебные заведения по лечению алкоголизма, оказывали услуги приблизительно на 700 миллионов долларов, и еще около 2 миллиардов долларов тратили многопрофильные больницы. Leonard Saxe et al., Health Technology Case Study 22: The Effectiveness and Costs of Alcoholism Treatment (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1983), 59, https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1983/8307/8307.pdf.

812

Special Report to the U. S. Congress on Alcohol and Health from the Secretary of Health and Human Services (Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1981).

813

Эрни Куртц называет это «сумасшедшей погоней за деньгами». См. Kurtz, “Whatever Happened to Twelve-Step Programs?” в кн. The Collected Ernie Kurtz (New York: Authors Choice, 2008), 151. Также следует отметить работу White, Slaying the Dragon, 396, где говорится, что всем ставили один и тот же диагноз. William L. White, “Lost Vision: Addiction Counseling as Community Organization,” Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 19, no. 4 (2001): 1–32, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1300/J020v19n04_01.

814

John Schwarzlose, цит. по Nan Robertson, Getting Better: Inside Alcoholics Anonymous (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 210.

815

William R. Miller, “Alcoholism: Toward a Better Disease Model,” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 7, no. 2 (1993): 129–136, https://doi.org/10.1037/0893–164X.7.2.129.

816

Katie Witkiewitz et al., “What Is Recovery?” Alcohol Research: Current Reviews 40, no. 3 (September 2020): 1–12, https://doi.org/10.35946/arcr.v40.3.01.

817

Susan Curry, G. Alan Marlatt, Judith R. Gordon, “Abstinence Violation Effect: Validation of an Attributional Construct with Smoking Cessation,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55, no. 2 (1987): 145–149, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022–006X.55.2.145; G. Alan Marlatt, Dennis M. Donovan, eds., Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors (New York: Guilford Press, 2005).

818

Burt A. Folkart, “Thomas P. Pike; Industrialist Led Fight against Alcoholism,” Los Angeles Times, August 3, 1993, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993–08–03-mn-19647-story.html; Olson, With a Lot of Help, 51, 92; Sally Brown, David R. Brown, A Biography of Mrs. Marty Mann: The First Lady of Alcoholics Anonymous (Center City, MN: Hazelden, 2011), 282; “Pike, Thomas P.: Records, 1955–1958,” February 16, 1972, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas, https://web.archive.org/web/20170125043425/https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/finding_aids/pdf/Pike_Thomas_Records.pdf.

819

Alcoholics Anonymous, 4th ed. (New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 2001), 30.

820

Olson, With a Lot of Help, 257. See also David J. Armor, J. Michael Polich, Harriet B. Braiker, Alcoholism and Treatment (Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation, 1976), https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R1739.html; Ron Roizen, “Comment on the ‘Rand Report,’ ” Journal of Studies on Alcohol 38, no. 1 (January 1977): 170–178, https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1977.38.152.

821

Morris E. Chafetz, The Tyranny of Experts: Blowing the Whistle on the Cult of Expertise (Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1996), 113.

822

Пресс-релиз НСА от 1 июля 1976 года, цит. по David J. Armor, I. Michael Polich, and Harriet B. Stambul, Alcoholism and Treatment (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978), 232–233.

823

Dr. Nicholas A. Pace, president, New York City chapter of the National Council on Alcoholism, quoted in Jane Brody, “Study on Alcoholics Called ‘Misleading,’ ” New York Times, June 11, 1976, https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/11/archives/study-on-alcoholics-called-misleading-alcoholic-study-held.html.

824

Цит. по Robertson, Getting Better, 192.

825

Alcoholics Anonymous, 31. «Мы не хотели бы объявлять каждого человека алкоголиком», из чего следует, что не все проблемы с употреблением веществ укладываются в их схему и что есть множество путей к выздоровлению.

826

Mark B. Sobell, Linda C. Sobell, “Individualized Behavior Therapy for Alcoholics,” Behavior Therapy 4, no. 1 (January 1973): 49–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005–7894(73)80074–7; Sobell, Sobell, “Second Year Treatment Outcome of Alcoholics Treated by Individualized Behavior Therapy: Results,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 14, no. 3 (January 1, 1976): 195–215, https://doi.org/10.1016/0005–7967(76)90013–9; Sobell, Sobell, Behavioral Treatment of Alcohol Problems: Individualized Therapy and Controlled Drinking (New York: Springer, 1978). Существует также независимое исследование, в котором за пациентами наблюдали в течение трех лет после эксперимента, и оно подтвердило выводы Собеллов: Glenn R. Caddy, Harold J. Addington Jr., David Perkins, “Individualized Behavior Therapy for Alcoholics: A Third Year Independent Double-Blind Follow-Up,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 16, no. 5 (1978): 345–362, https://doi.org/10.1016/0005–7967(78)90004–9.