Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл

Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden, Maddison Project Database, version 2020, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, November 2, 2020, https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/histori caldevelopment/maddison/data/mpd2020.xlsx; Jutta Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden, “Maddison Style Estimates of the Evolution of the World Economy: A New 2020 Update”, (working paper WP-15, Maddison Project, October 2020), https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/histo ricaldevelopment/maddison/publications/wp15.pdf; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita (A939RX0Q048SBEA)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 27, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series /A939RX0Q048SBEA; “Consumer Price Index, 1913–”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; John J. McCusker, “Colonial Statistics”, in Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Times to the Present, ed. Susan G. Carter et al. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006), V-671; Richard Sutch, “National Income and Product”, in Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Times to the Present, ed. Susan G. Carter et al. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006), III-23–25; Leandro Prados de la Escosura, “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America”, Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 279–307, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27744128; Jutta Bolt et al., “Rebasing ‘Maddison’: New Income Comparisons and the Shape of Long-Run Economic Development” (working paper 10, Maddison Project, Groningen Growth and Development Centre, 2018), https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/html_publi cations/memorandum/gd174.pdf.

138. Bolt and van Zanden, Maddison Project Database; Bolt and van Zanden, “Maddison Style Estimates of the Evolution of the World Economy”; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita (A939RX0Q048SBEA)”; “Consumer Price Index, 1913–,” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers”; McCusker, “Colonial Statistics”, V-671; Sutch, “National Income and Product”; Prados de la Escosura, “Lost Decades?”; Bolt et al., “Rebasing ‘Maddison’”.

139. Bolt and van Zanden, Maddison Project Database; Bolt and van Zanden, “Maddison Style Estimates of the Evolution of the World Economy”; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Real Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (A939RX0Q048SBEA)”; “Consumer Price Index, 1913”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers”; McCusker, “Colonial Statistics”, V-671; Sutch, “National Income and Product”; Prados de la Escosura, “Lost Decades?”; Bolt et al., “Rebasing ‘Maddison’”.

140. Max Roser, “Working Hours”, Our World in Data, 2013, https://ourworldindata.org/work ing-hours; Michael Huberman and Chris Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’: Days and Hours of Work in Old and New Worlds, 1870–2000”, Explorations in Economic History 44, no. 4 (July 12, 2007): 548, https://personal.lse.ac.uk/minns/Huberman_Minns_EEH_2007.pdf; University of Groningen and University of California, Davis, “Average Annual Hours Worked by Persons Engaged for United States (AVHWPEUSA065NRUG)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January 21, 2021, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AVHWPEUSA065NRUG.

141. US Census Bureau, “Real Median Personal Income in the United States (MEPAINUSA672N)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated September 13, 2022, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEPAINUSA672N; “Consumer Price Index, 1913–”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers”.

142. US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Personal Income Per Capita (A792RC0A052NBEA)”; Lindert and Williamson, “American Incomes 1774–1860”; Klein, “New State-Level Estimates of Personal Income in the United States, 1880–1910”, 220; “Consumer Price Index, 1800–”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers”.

143. US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Personal Income Per Capita (A792RC0A052NBEA)”; Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548; University of Groningen and University of California, Davis, “Average Annual Hours Worked by Persons Engaged for United States; “Consumer Price Index, 1913–”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.

144. Bolt and van Zanden, Maddison Project Database; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Population (B230RC0A052NBEA)”; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Personal Income (PI)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated February 24, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PI; US Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Hours Worked by Full-Time and Part-Time Employees (B4701C0A222NBEA)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated October 12, 2022, https://fred.stlouis fed.org/series/B4701C0A222NBEA; Stanley Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, in Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States After 1800, ed. Dorothy S. Brady (Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1966), 118, https://www.nber.org/chapters/c1567.pdf; US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 1999): 879, https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/99statab/sec31.pdf; Stanley Lebergott, “Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment, 1929–39 Estimating Methods”, Monthly Labor Review 67, no. 1 (July 1948): 51, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1948/article/pdf/labor-force-employment-and-unemployment-1929-39-estimating-methods.pdf; Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employment Level (CE16OV)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated March 10, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CE16OV; “Consumer Price Index, 1800–”, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers”.

145. Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548.

146. Коротко о том, какую роль сыграло рабочее движение в США в вопросе сокращения рабочего времени, а также ряд подробных современных материалов: “History of the 40-Hour Workweek”, CNBC Make It, YouTube video, May 3, 2017, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=BcRlq-Hrtc0; “The 40 Hour Work Week”, Prosocial Progress Foundation, YouTube video, December 3, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KtJNYZySjU; Shana Lebowitz and Marguerite Ward, “Most Americans Support Andrew Yang’s Call for a 4-Day Workweek – But Before Any Policy Changes, We Should Understand Why the 5-Day, 40-Hour Workweek Was So Revolutionary”, Business Insider, June 12, 2020, https://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-the-40-hour-workweek-2015-10; George E. Barnett, “Growth of Labor Organization in the United States, 1897–1914”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 30, no. 4 (August 1916): 780–95, http://www.jstor.com/stable/1884242; Leo Wolman, The Growth of American Trade Unions, 1880–1923 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1924).

147. Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548.

148. Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548.

149. Huberman and Minns, “The Times They Are Not Changin’”, 548; University of Groningen and University of California, Davis, “Average Annual Hours Worked by Persons Engaged for United States”.

150. В этой главе мы сосредоточились на тенденции к процветанию в США и других странах-членах ОЭСР, но не потому, что нам они кажутся важнее остальных, просто они успели продвинуться дальше вдоль экспоненциальной кривой роста экономики. Вдобавок в развивающихся странах зачастую не собирается достаточно подробная статистика, что затрудняет исследование господствующих тенденций в соответствующих частях света. См. Huberman and Minns,