Общественное животное: введение в социальную психологию - Эллиот Аронсон

привело к ряду противоречивых экспериментальных данных. Однако факты в поддержку приведенного в тексте анализа перевешивают. Более детальное обсуждение этого вопроса — см.: Aronson, Е. (1969). The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 1–34). New York: Academic Press.

253

Zimbardo, P., Weisenberg, M., Firestone, 1., & Levy, B. (1965). Communicator effectiveness in producing public conformity and private attitude change. Journal of Personality 33, 233–255.

254

Mills, Changes in moral attitudes.

255

Aronson, Е. (1968). Dissonance theory: Progress and problems. In R.P. Abelson, Е. Aronson, W.J. McGuire, T.M. Newcomb, M.J. Rosenberg, and P.H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A source book (pp. 5–27). Chicago: Rand McNally. Aronson, Е. (1969). The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 1–34). New York: Academic Press.

256

Nel, Е., Helmreich, R., & Aronson, Е. (1969). Opinion change in the advocate as a function of the persuasibility of his audience: A clarification of the meaning of dissonance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12, 117–124.

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Hoyt, M., Henley, M., & Collins, B. (1972). Studies in forced compliance: Confluence of choice and consequence on attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 204–210. Schlenker, B., & Schlenker, P. (1975). Reactions following counterattitudinal behavior which produces positive consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 962–971. Riess, M., & Schlenker, B. (1977). Attitude change and responsibility avoidance as modes of dilemma resolution in forced-compliance situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 21–30.

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Cialdini, R., & Schroeder, D. (1976). Increasing compliance by legitimizing paltry contributions: When even a penny helps. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34,599–604.

259

Freedman, J. (1963). Attitudinal effects of inadequate justification. Journal of Personality, 31,371–385.

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Deci, Е. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum. Deci, Е. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105–115. Deci, E., Nezlek, J., & Sheinman, L. (1981). Characteristics of the rewarder and intrinsic motivation of the rewardee. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 1–10.

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Lepper, M.R., & Greene, D. (1975). Turning play into work: Effects of adult surveillance and extrinsic rewards on children’s intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 479–486.

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Aronson, E., & Carlsmith, J.M. (1963). Effect of the severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 584–588.

263

Freedman, J. (1965). Long-term behavioral effects of cognitive dissonance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 145–155.

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Sears, R., Whiting, J., Nowlis, V., & Sears, P. (1953). Some child-rearing antecedents of aggression and dependency in young children. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 47, 135–234.

265

Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 177–181.

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Gerard, H., & Malhewson, G. (1966). The effects of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 278–287.

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Cooper, J. (1980). Reducing fears and increasing assertiveness: The role of dissonance reduction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 199–213.

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Conway, М., & Ross, М. (1984). Getting what you want by revising what you had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 738–748.

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Michener, J. (1971). Kent State: What happened and why. New York: Random House.

270

Ibid.

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Davis, K., & Hones, E.E. (1960). Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 402–410.

272

Glass, D. (1964). Changes in liking as a means of reducing cognitive discrepancies between self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 32, 531–549.

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Berscheid, E., Boyce, D., & Walster (Hatfield), E. (1968). Retaliation as a means of restoring equity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 370–376.

274

Jones, E., & Nisbett, R. (1971). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. New York: General Learning Press.

275

Shaw, G.B. (1952). In D. Russel (Ed.), Selected Prose. New York: Dodd, Mead.

276

Brehm, J. (1959). Increasing cognitive dissonance by a fait accompli. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 379–382.

277

Darley,J., & Berscheid,E. (1967).Increased liking as a result of the anticipation of personal contact. Human Relations, 20, 29–40.

278

Lehman, D., & Taylor, S.E. (1987). Date with an earthquake: Coping with a probable, unpredictable disaster. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 546–555.

279

Aronson, E., & Mettee, D. (1968). Dishonest behavior as a function of different levels of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 121–127.

280

Zimbardo, P. (1969). The cognitive control of motivation. Glencoe, IL: Scott, Foresman.

281

Brehm, J. (1962). Motivational effects of cognitive dissonance. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1962 (pp. 51–77). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

282

Brehm, J., & Cohen, A. (1962). Explorations in cognitive dissonance. New York: Wiley.

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Aronson,