Тяга. Всемирная история зависимости - Карл Эрик Фишер

свет является одновременно волной и частицей, так и алкоголизм может одновременно существовать и в виде непрерывного спектра проблем с пьянством, и в виде конкретного расстройства». George Vaillant, The Natural History of Alcoholism Revisited (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 376.

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Richard Rohr, Breathing Underwater: Spirituality and the Twelve Steps (Cincinnati: St. Anthony Messenger Press, 2011), xviii. «Бессилие алкоголиков просто оказывается на виду».

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Это, и в частности роль дорсального и вентрального полосатого тела, детально обсуждается в работе Marc Lewis, The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease (New York: Public Affairs, 2015), 126. См. также Barry J. Everitt and Trevor W. Robbins, “From the Ventral to the Dorsal Striatum: Devolving Views of Their Roles in Drug Addiction,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 37, no. 9 (November 2013): 1946–1954, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.010; Oren Contreras-Rodríguez et al., “Ventral and Dorsal Striatum Networks in Obesity: Link to Food Craving and Weight Gain,” Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 9 (May 2017): 789–796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.020; Kent C. Berridge, “The Debate over Dopamine’s Role in Reward: The Case for Incentive Salience,” Psychopharmacology 191, no. 3 (April 2007): 391–431, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213–006–0578-x; Kent C. Berridge, Morten L. Kringelbach, “Pleasure Systems in the Brain,” Neuron 86, no. 3 (May 2015).

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“A Growing Impetus for Integration,” в кн. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health (Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, 2016), chap. 6, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK424857/.

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Michael A. Hoge et al., “Mental Health and Addiction Workforce Development: Federal Leadership Is Needed to Address the Growing Crisis,” Health Affairs 32, no. 11 (November 2013): 2005–2012, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0541. См. также “Addiction Treatment: Improving Quality and Capacity,” Shatterproof (website), accessed March 5, 2021, https://www.shatterproof.org/advocacy/federal-addiction-treatment-improving; ASAM Advocacy Roadmap: February 2020 (Washington, DC: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2020), https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/asam_report_feb2020_final.pdf.

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“Practitioner and Program Data,” SAMHSA (website), accessed March 5, 2021, https://www.samhsa.gov/medication-assisted-treatment/practitioner-resources/DATA-program-data; “Professionally Active Physicians,” Kaiser Family Foundation (website), updated September 2020, https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-active-physicians/. В число категорий медработников, которые имеют право получить такую лицензию, входят также практикующие медсестры и ассистенты врачей, и на февраль 2021 года лицензия есть примерно у 6 % от общего числа возможных кандидатов. См. также Justin Berk, “To Help Providers Fight the Opioid Epidemic, ‘X the X Waiver,’ ” Health Affairs (blog), March 5, 2019, https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20190301.79453/full/.

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Regina LaBelle, “Announcing President Biden’s New Team and Priorities at ONDCP,” American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (website), February 4, 2021, https://www.p.org/announcing-president-bidens-new-team-and-priorities-at-ondcp/.

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Cindy Parks Thomas et al., “Prescribing Patterns of Buprenorphine Waivered Physicians,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 181 (December 1, 2017): 213–218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.002; Stacey C. Sigmon, “The Untapped Potential of Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment,” JAMA Psychiatry 72, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 395, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2421.

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Eliza Hutchinson et al., “Barriers to Primary Care Physicians Prescribing Buprenorphine,” Annals of Family Medicine 12, no. 2 (March 2014): 128–133, https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1595. См. также Wendy Kissin et al., “Experiences of a National Sample of Qualified Addiction Specialists Who Have and Have Not Prescribed Buprenorphine for Opioid Dependence,” Journal of Addictive Diseases 25, no. 4 (November 2006): 91–103, https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v25n04_09; Cindy Parks Thomas et al., “Use of Buprenorphine for Addiction Treatment: Perspectives of Addiction Specialists and General Psychiatrists,” Psychiatric Services 59, no. 8 (August, 2008): 909–916, https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2008.59.8.909.

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Примерно пол-литра.

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William L. White and Ernest Kurtz, “The Varieties of Recovery Experience,” International Journal of Self-Help and Self Care 3, no. 1–2 (2006): 21–61; William L. White, “Addiction Recovery: Its Definition and Conceptual Boundaries,” Journal of Studies on Alcohol 33, no. 3 (October 2007): 229–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.015.

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John F. Kelly et al., “Prevalence and Pathways of Recovery from Drug and Alcohol Problems in the United States Population: Implications for Practice, Research, and Policy,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 181 (December 2017): 162–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028. По поводу «множества путей к выздоровлению» стоит отметить, что люди часто переключаются между разными источниками поддержки, что предполагает более динамический и нелинейный процесс, нежели подразумевает слово «путь».

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https://www.smartrecovery.org

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Jalie A. Tucker, Susan D. Chandler, Katie Witkiewitz, “Epidemiology of Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder,” Alcohol Research 40, no. 3 (2020): 4–7.

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Aaron L. Sarvet, Deborah Hasin, “The Natural History of Substance Use Disorders,” Current Opinion in Psychiatry 29, no. 4 (July 2016): 250–257, https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000257; Lauren A. Hoffman, Corrie Vilsaint, John F. Kelly, “Recovery from Opioid Problems in the US Population: Prevalence, Pathways, and Psychological Well-Being,” Journal of Addiction Medicine 14, no. 3 (June 2020): 207–216, https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000561. Следует иметь в виду, что людям с расстройством употребления опиоидов, которые обращаются за помошью, безусловно следует предлагать психотерапию, но их желание, принять или не принимать эту помощь не должно влиять на предоставление им медикаментозного лечения: “The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: 2020 Focused Update,” Journal of Addiction Medicine 14, no. 2S (March 2020): 1–91, https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000633.

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https://recoverydharma.org

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О связи между исследованиями Собеллов и современным определением выздоровления см. Katie Witkiewitz et al., “What Is Recovery?” Alcohol Research: Current Reviews 40, no. 3 (September 2020).

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Mark Sobell, Linda C. Sobell, “The Aftermath of Heresy: A Response to Pendery et al.’s (1982) Critique of ‘Individualized Behavior Therapy for Alcoholics,’ ” Behaviour Research and Therapy 22, no. 4 (1984): 413–440, https://doi.org/10.1016/0005–7967(84)90084–6.

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William L. White, “Recovery: Old Wine, Flavor of the Month or New Organizing Paradigm?” Substance Use & Misuse 43, no. 12–13 (October 2008): 1987–2000, https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080802297518; Jason Schwartz, “Revisiting Recovery-Oriented Harm Reduction (Part 3),” Recovery Review (blog), May 17, 2019, https://recoveryreview.blog/category/recovery-oriented-harm-reduction/.

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John F. Kelly, M. Claire Greene, Brandon G. Bergman,