Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл

12, 2021, https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/united-states-adult-population-grew-faster-than-nations-total-population-from-2010-to-2020.html; “Minimum Wage”, US Department of Labor, accessed April 20, 2023, https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage.

103. Simon Kemp, “Digital 2020: 3.8 Billion People Use Social Media”, We Are Social, January 30, 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20210808051917/https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020 /01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media; Paige Cooper, “43 Social Media Advertising Statistics That Matter to Marketers in 2020”, Hootsuite, April 23, 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20200729070657/https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-advertising-stats.

104. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Medical Care in U.S. City Average (CPIMEDSL)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated April 12, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIMEDSL#0; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average (CPIAUCSL)”; Xavier Jaravel, “The Unequal Gains from Product Innovations: Evidence from the U.S. Retail Sector”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 2 (May 2019): 715–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy031; Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler, Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012).

105. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Participation Rate (CIVPART)”.

106. Краткое объяснение этих определений и данных, лежащих в их основе: Clay Halton, “Civilian Labor Force”, Investopedia, July 23, 2019, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/civilian-labor-force.asp; US Census Bureau, “Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery amid COVID-19 Pandemic”, US Census Bureau press release CB22-214, December 22, 2022, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/2022-popula tion-estimates.html; “Population, Total – United States”, World Bank, accessed April 20, 2023, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=US; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”.

107. US Census Bureau, “Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery amid COVID-19 Pandemic”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”.

108. Data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Participation Rate (CIVPART)”.

109. Lauren Bauer et al., “All School and No Work Becoming the Norm for American Teens”, Brookings Institution, July 2, 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2019/07/02/all-school-and-no-work-becoming-the-norm-for-american-teens; Mitra Toossi, “Labor Force Projections to 2022: The Labor Force Participation Rate Continues to Fall”, Monthly Labor Review, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2013, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/article/labor-force-projections-to-2022-the-labor-force-participation-rate-continues-to-fall.htm.

110. Jonnelle Marte, “Aging Boomers Explain Shrinking Labor Force, NY Fed Study Says”, Bloomberg, March 30, 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-30/aging-boomers-explain-shrinking-labor-force-ny-fed-study-says; Richard Fry, “The Pace of Boomer Retirements Has Accelerated in the Past Year”, Pew Research Center, November 9, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/11/09/the-pace-of-boomer-retire ments-has-accelerated-in-the-past-year.

111. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate: 25 to 54 years (LNU01300060)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated April 7, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNU01300060.

112. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Working Age Population: Aged 25–54: All Persons for the United States (LFWA25TTUSM647N)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated April 20, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LFWA25TTUSM647N.

113. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate: 25 to 54 years (LNU01300060)”.

114. Заметим, что, хотя уровень участия в рабочей силе среди американцев 55 лет и старше растет, он все равно гораздо ниже, чем среди более молодых слоев населения, поэтому общий уровень участия в рабочей силе снижается. Кроме того, доля жителей старшего возраста сама по себе увеличивается, потому что беби-бумеров намного больше, чем представителей того поколения, которому они пришли на смену. См. US Census Bureau, “65 and Older Population Grows Rapidly as Baby Boomers Age”, US Census Bureau press release CB2099, June 25, 2020, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/65-older-population-grows.html; William E. Gibson, “Age 65+ Adults Are Projected to Outnumber Children by 2030”, AARP, March 14, 2018, https://www.aarp.org/home-family/friends-family/info-2018/census-baby-boomers-fd.html; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate by Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity”, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, updated September 8, 2022, https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/civilian-labor-force-partici pation-rate.htm.

115. “Life Expectancy at Birth, Total (Years) – United States”, World Bank, accessed April 20, 2023, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=US.

116. Подробнее об изменениях в демографической структуре рабочей силы: см. Audrey Breitwieser, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh, “The Recent Rebound in Prime-Age Labor Force Participation”, Brookings Institution, August 2, 2018, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2018/08/02/the-recent-rebound-in-prime-age-labor-force-participation; Jo Harper, “Automation Is Coming: Older Workers Are Most at Risk”, Deutsche Welle, July 24, 2018, https://www.dw.com /en/automation-is-coming-older-workers-are-most-at-risk/a-44749804; Peter Gosselin, “If You’re Over 50, Chances Are the Decision to Leave a Job Won’t Be Yours”, ProPublica, December 28, 2018, https://www.propublica.org/article/older-workers-united-states-pushed-out-of-work-forced-retirement; Karen Harris, Austin Kimson, and Andrew Schwedel, “Labor 2030: The Collision of Demographics, Automation and Inequality”, Bain & Co., February 7, 2018, https://www.bain.com/insights/labor-2030-the-collision-of-demographics-automation-and-inequality; Alana Semuels, “This Is What Life Without Retirement Savings Looks Like”, Atlantic, February 22, 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/ar chive/2018/02/pensions-safety-net-california/553970.

117. “Top 10 °Cryptocurrencies by Market Capitalization”, CoinMarketCap, последняя проверка доступности 20 апреля 2023 года, https://coinmarketcap.com.

118. “USD Exchange Trade Volume”, Blockchain.com, accessed July 31, 2023, https://www.blockchain.com/charts/trade-volume?timespan=all.

119. “USD Exchange Trade Volume”, Blockchain.com.

120. Bank for International Settlements, BIS Quarterly Review: International Banking and Financial Market Developments (Bank for International Settlements, December 2022), 16, https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt2212.pdf.

121. “Top 10 °Cryptocurrencies by Market Capitalization”, CoinMarketCap; “Bitcoin Price”, Coinbase, accessed April 20, 2023, https://www.coinbase.com/price/bitcoin.

122. “Bitcoin Price”, Coinbase.

123. “Bitcoin Price”, Coinbase.

124. “Bitcoin Price”, Coinbase.

125. Подробнее о растущей роли лидеров мнений в экономике: “How Big Is the Influencer Economy?”, TechCrunch, YouTube video, November 13, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJBn2JDfDS0.

126. Sarah Perez, “iOS App Store Has Seen Over 170B Downloads, Over $130B in Revenue Since July 2010”, TechCrunch, May 31, 2018, https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/31/ios-app-store-has-seen-over-170b-downloads-over-130b-in-revenue-since-july-2010.

127. “Number of Available Applications in the Google Play Store from December 2009 to September 2022”, Statista, updated March 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/266210/number-of-available-applications-in-the-google-play-store.

128. “Number of Available Applications in the Google Play Store”, Statista.

129. Trevor Mogg, “App Economy Creates Nearly Half a Million US Jobs”, Digital Trends, February 7, 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20170422014624/https://www.digitaltrends.com/android/app-economy-creates-nearly-half-a-million-us-jobs.

130. Microeconomix, App Economy in the United States, 4.

131. ACT: The App Association, State of the U.S. App Economy: 2020, 7th ed. (Washington, DC: ACT: The App Association, 2021), 4, https://actonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020-App-economy-Report.pdf.

132. Frey and Osborne, “Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”.

133. Dusty Stowe, “Why Star Trek: The Original Series Was Cancelled After Season 3”, Screen Rant, May 21, 2019, https://screenrant.com/star-trek-original-series-cancelled-season-3-reason-why.

134. Kayla Cobb, “From ‘South Park’ to ‘BoJack Horseman’, Tracking the Rise of Continuity in Adult Animation”, Decider, December 16, 2015, https://decider.com/2015/12/16/tracking-the-rise-of-continuity-in-animated-comedies; Gus Lubin, “‘BoJack Horseman’ Creators Explain Why Netflix Is So Much Better Than TV”, Business Insider, October 3, 2014, https://www.businessinsider.com/why-bojack-horseman-went-to-netflix-2014-9.

135. International Telecommunication Union, “Key ICT Indicators for Developed and Developing Countries”.

136. Подробнее об истории и задачах системы социального страхования в США: Craig Benzine, “Social Policy: Crash Course Government and Politics #49”, CrashCourse, YouTube video, February 27, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlxLX8Fto_A; “Here’s How the Great Depression Brought on Social Security”, History, YouTube