Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл

YouTube video, August 30, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c; John Green, “The Industrial Economy: Crash Course US History #23”, CrashCourse, YouTube video, July 25, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6tRp-zRUJs; “Mechanization on the Farm in the Early 20th Century”, Iowa PBS, YouTube video, April 28, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI9K8ZJqAwE; “Cyrus McCormick”, PBS, accessed April 20, 2023, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/mccormick_hi.html; Mark Overton, Agricultural Revolution in England: The Transformation of the Agrarian Economy 1500–1850 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996).

43. Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119.

44. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, “Crop Yields”, Our World in Data, updated 2022, https://ourworldindata.org/crop-yields; Sarah E. Cusick and Michael K. Georgieff, “The Role of Nutrition in Brain Development: The Golden Opportunity of the ‘First 1000 Days’”, Journal of Pediatrics 175 (August 2016): 16–21, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981537; Gary M. Walton and Hugh Rockoff, History of the American Economy, 11th ed. (Boston: Cengage Learning, 2009), 1–15.

45. “Provisional Cereal and Oilseed Production Estimates for England 2022”, Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (UK), December 21, 2022, https://www.gov.uk/govern ment/statistics/cereal-and-oilseed-rape-production/provisional-cereal-and-oilseed-production-estimates-for-england-2022.

46. “UK Population Estimates 1851 to 2014”, Office for National Statistics (UK), July 6, 2015, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/adhocs/004356ukpopulationestimates1851to2014; Central Intelligence Agency, “Explore All Countries – United Kingdom”, CIA World Factbook, November 29, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20221207065501/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-kingdom.

47. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Employment by Economic Activity: Agriculture”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; International Labour Organization, “Employment in Agriculture (% of Total Employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate)”, Worldbank.org, January 29, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=US.

48. Увлекательные материалы об автоматизации в сельском хозяйстве: Kyree Leary, “Crops Are Harvested Without Human Input, Teasing the Future of Agriculture”, Futurism, February 26, 2018, https://futurism.com/automated-agriculture-uk; “Growing Up: How Vertical Farming Works”, B1M, YouTube video, March 6, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QT4TWbPLrN8; “The Future of Farming”, The Daily Conversation, YouTube video, May 17, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qmla9NLFBvU; Michael Larkin, “Labor Terminators: Farming Robots Are About To Take Over Our Farms”, Investor’s Business Daily, August 10, 2018, https://www.investors.com/news/farming-robot-agriculture-technology.

49. Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119; US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 1999): 879, https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/99statab/sec31.pdf; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Percent of Employment in Agriculture in the United States (USAPEMANA)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated June 10, 2013, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USAPEMANA; International Labour Organization, “Employment in Agriculture”.

50. Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119.

51. Benjamin T. Arrington, “Industry and Economy During the Civil War”, National Park Service, August 23, 2017, https://www.nps.gov/articles/industry-and-economy-during-the-civil-war.htm; Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119.

52. Занимательное видео об изобретении конвейера и о том, какую роль тот сыграл во Второй промышленной революции: John Green, “Ford, Cars, and a New Revolution: Crash Course History of Science #28”, CrashCourse, YouTube video, November 12, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPvwpYeOJnI.

53. Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119.

54. Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Manufacturing Sector: Real Output (OUTMS)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated March 2, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OUTMS.

55. Увлекательные ролики о контейнерных перевозках и их влиянии на сферу логистики: Wall Street Journal, “How a Steel Box Changed the World: A Brief History of Shipping”, YouTube video, January 24, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MUkgDIQdcM; PolyMatter, “How Container Ships Work”, YouTube video, November 2, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= DY9VE3i-KcM.

56. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Manufacturing Sector: Real Output per Hour of All Persons (OPHMFG)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated March 2, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OPHMFG.

57. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”.

58. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Manufacturing Sector: Real Output (OUTMS)”.

59. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”.

60. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Manufacturing Sector: Real Output (OUTMS)”.

61. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Manufacturing Sector: Real Output (OUTMS)”.

62. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119–20.

63. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”.

64. Стоит заметить, что доступные данные не отражают в полной мере ни влияние Великой депрессии, которая, вероятно, вызвала куда более резкое снижение занятости на производствах, чем показано на графике, ни роль Второй мировой войны, из-за которой произошел кратковременный, но сильный скачок в количестве трудоустроенных в индустриальном секторе – информация Бюро трудовой статистики не захватывает этот период времени. See US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “All Employees, Manufacturing (MANEMP)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 119–20.

65. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Participation Rate (CIVPART)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated September 3, 2021, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CIVPART; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”.

66. International Labour Organization, “Labor Force, Female (% of Total Labor Force)– United States”, retrieved from Worldbank.org, September 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.FE.ZS?locations=US; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Participation Rate (CIVPART)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate: Women (LNS11300002)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated April 7, 2023, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS11300002.

67. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Labor Force Participation Rate (CIVPART)”.

68. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2021 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2021): 81, https://web.archive.org/web/20220721170310/https://www.childstats.gov/pdf/ac2021/ac_21.pdf.

69. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, America’s Children, 81.

70. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, America’s Children, 81.

71. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Population, Total for United States (POPTOTUSA647NWDB)”, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, updated July 5, 2022, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/POPTOTUSA647NWDB.

72. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Population, Total for United States (POPTOTUSA647NWDB)”; “U.S. and World Population Clock”, US Census Bureau, updated April 20, 2023, https://www.census.gov/popclock.

73. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Civilian Labor Force Level (CLF16OV)”; US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1999, 879; Lebergott, “Labor Force and Employment, 1800–1960”, 118; “U.S. and World Population