Мировые религии и культы: главные святыни. От паломничества до религиозного туризма - Кэтрин Херлок

System of University Geography Founded on the Works of Malte-Brun and Balbi (Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1842), 720.

77

Так город Праяградж назывался до XVII века.

78

Rahul Mehrotra and Felipe Vera, eds, Kumbh Mela: Mapping the Ephemeral Megacity (Allahabad: Noiyogi Books, 2015), 11.

79

David Arnold, ‘The Ecology and Cosmology of Disease in the Banaras Region’, in Culture and Power in Banaras: Community, Performance and Environment, 1800–1980, ed. Sandra B. Freitag (Oxford: University of California Press, 1989), 255–6.

80

‘Incidence and Spread of Cholera in India’, British Medical Journal, 1 (1926), 785.

81

‘Spread of Infection from Pilgrim Centres’, Tribune 25 May 1917.

82

Индира Деви (1892–1968) – махарани (жена махараджи) княжества Куч-Бихар, которое в 1949 году стало частью Индии.

83

Report of the Committee appointed by the Uttar Pradesh Government to enquire into the mishap which occurred in the Kumbh Mela at Prayaga on the 3rd February 1954 (Allahabad: Government of India, 1954), 6, 23, 60, 84–5; Dilip Kumar Roy and Indira Devi, Kumbha: India’s Ageless Festival (Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1955), 4.

84

Arnold, ‘Ecology’, 231.

85

Robert B. Minturn, From New York to New Delhi by way of Rio de Janeiro, Australia, and China (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1858), 137

86

Diana L. Eck, Banaras: City of Light (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 21.

87

H. R. Nevill, Allahabad: A Gazetteer vol. 23 (Allahabad: Government Press, 1911), 68–9.

88

Варна – одно из четырех главных сословий древнеиндийского общества. Термин не является синонимом слова «каста», это распространенная ошибка.

89

Christopher Justice, Dying the Good Death: The Pilgrimage to Die in India’s Holy City (New York: SUNY Press, 1997), 20.

90

L. P. Vidyarthi, The Sacred Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization (New Delphi: Concept, 2005), 129.

91

Li Rongxi, trans., The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996), 109.

92

Sudipta Sen, Ganges: the Many Pasts of an Indian River (Yale: Yale University Press, 2019), 3–4.

93

The Travels of Ibn Battuta in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354, trans. H. A. R. Gibb (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969), 193.

94

Burjor Avari, India: The Ancient Past, A History of the Indian Subcontinent from c. 7000 BC to AD 1200 (London: Routledge, 2007), 18.

95

Verinder Grover and Ranjana Arora, eds, Sarojini Naidu: Great Women of Modern India (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1993), 230.

96

Kama Maclean, Pilgrimage and Power: the Kumb Mela in Allahabad (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 11; Harriette Ashmore, Narrative of a Three Months March in India (London: R. Hastings, 1841), 199–200.

97

MacLean, Pilgrimage and Power, 61.

98

Parks, Wanderings, 162.

99

Caleb Wright, Lectures on India (Boston: Caleb Wright, 1848), 7. См. также: Nancy Gardner Cassels, Religion and Pilgrim Tax under the Company Raj (Riverdale, MD: Riverdale Company, 1988).

100

Rasheed, The Travellers’ Companion, preface; Report of the Committee, 27, 83.

101

Sarkar, India of Aurangzib, 20

102

‘Notes from India’, Lancet 2 September (1911), 731.

103

Eric Newby, Slowly Down the Ganges (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1989), xvi.

104

Payal Sampat, ‘The River Ganges’ Long Decline’, World Watch, 9.4 (1996).

105

Ellen Wohl, A World of Rivers: Environmental Change of Ten of the World’s Great Rivers (Chicago; University of Chcago Press, 2010), 158–9.

106

Justin Rowlett, ‘India’s dying mother’, BBC News Online 12 May 2016. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-aad46fca-734a-45f9–8721–61404cc12a39.

107

Oracle of Delphi: King Aigeus in front of the Pythia: Antikensammlung Berlin, Altes Museum, F 2538.

108

‘To Apollo’, in Homeric Hymns, Homeric Apocrypha, Lives of Homer, ed. and trans. Martin L. West (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 109.

109

Michael Scott, Delphi: A History at the Center of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), 1.

110

Matthew Dillon, Pilgrims and Pilgrimage in Ancient Greece (Abingdon: Routledge, 1997), 29; Hugh Bowden, ‘Delphi: Historical Overview’, in Michael Gagarin, Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome vol. 1 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 17.

111

Проксены – представители, как правило, разных греческих полисов, на которых налагались взаимные обязательства. Проксения – институт общественного гостеприимства в Древней Греции.

112

Scott, Delphi, 17.

113

Цитируется по изданию: Плутарх. Моралии. О том, что Пифия более не прорицает стихами / пер. Л. А. Фрейберг. М.: Вестник древней истории, 1978.

114

Sarah Iles Johnston, Ancient Greek Divination (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2008), 39.

115

Bowden, ‘Delphi’, 16.

116

Joan Breton Connelly, Portrait of a Priestess: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 43–4.

117

Johnston, Ancient Greek Divination, 40.

118

Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, 16.26, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Diod.%2016.26&lang=original; Dillon, Pilgrims, 82.