Тяга. Всемирная история зависимости - Карл Эрик Фишер

за однобокое освещение проблемы крэка и стигматизацию темнокожих женщин в псевдонаучных репортажах о «крэковых младенцах»: “Slandering the Unborn,” editorial, New York Times, December 28, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/28/opinion/crack-babies-racism.html.

275

Arnold Washton, quoted in “Kids and Cocaine: An Epidemic Strikes Middle America,” Newsweek, March 17, 1986, 58–65.

276

Mark S. Gold, 800-Cocaine (New York: Bantam, 1984), 78.

277

Gina Kolata, “Drug Researchers Try to Treat a Nearly Unbreakable Habit,” New York Times, June 25, 1988, https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/25/nyregion/drug-researchers-try-to-treat-a-nearly-unbreakable-habit.html.

278

“Biology of Addiction: Drugs and Alcohol Can Hijack Your Brain,” NIH News in Health, October 2015, https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2015/10/biology-addiction; Howard J. Shaffer, “What Is Addiction?” Harvard Health Blog, June 19, 2017, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-addiction-2–2017061914490; Cynthia M. Kuhn, Wilkie A. Wilson, “How Addiction Hijacks Our Reward System,” Cerebrum (blog), Dana Foundation, April 1, 2005, https://www.dana.org/article/how-addiction-hijacks-our-reward-system/; “Addiction: The Hijacker, Episode 1,” Addiction Policy Forum, posted July 17, 2018, YouTube video, 3:17, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbOAKmzKmJo.

279

Chris Stokel-Walker, “Is ‘Dopamine Fasting’ Silicon Valley’s New Productivity Fad?” BBC, November 19, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191115-what-is-dopamine-fasting.

280

Ingrid Wickelgren, “Getting the Brain’s Attention,” Science 278, no. 5335 (October 1997): 35–37, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5335.35; Berridge, Kringelbach, “Pleasure Systems in the Brain,” 656–657. В частности, эксперименты показали, что прерывание дофаминовых цепей не мешает получать удовольствие. Мы ссылаемся на высказывание Уайза: «Я больше не верю, что уровень удовольствия пропорционален количеству дофамина, выделившегося в мозгу».

281

Nutt et al., “Dopamine Theory,” 307. Натт упоминает несколько исследований, оспаривающих представление о том, что выброс дофамина играет ключевую роль в эффекте вознаграждения при употреблении опиоидов, хотя имеется одно недавнее исследование, указывающее на значительное высвобождение дофамина в вентральном полосатом теле после введения морфина: Primavera A. Spagnolo et al., “Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Morphine: A [11C] Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography Study in Healthy Men,” Biological Psychiatry 86, no. 5 (September 2019): 356–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.965.

282

Kenneth W. Tupper, “Psychoactive Substances and the English Language: ‘Drugs,’ Discourses, and Public Policy,” Contemporary Drug Problems 39, no. 3 (September 2012): 462–492, https://doi.org/10.1177/009145091203900306.

283

Discussed at length in Carl L. Hart, Drug Use for Grown-Ups: Chasing Liberty in the Land of Fear (New York: Penguin Press, 2021), 11.

284

Beecher, Six Sermons, 12–14.

285

Thomas R. Pegram, Battling Demon Rum: The Struggle for a Dry America, 1800–1933 (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Press, 1998), loc. 774–776 of 2089, Kindle; David Hanson, “Scientific Temperance Instruction: Temperance Teachings,” Alcohol Problems and Solutions (сайт), дата обращения 11.02.2021, https://www.alcoholproblemsandsolutions.org/scientific-temperance-instruction-temperance-teachings/; Parsons, Manhood Lost, loc. 154 of 3566.

286

Osama bin Laden, interview by Peter Arnett, “Osama bin Laden Declares Jihad in 1997 in CNN Interview,” CNN, posted May 2, 2011, YouTube video, 1:23, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orawG7vt68o; Susan Michelle Gerling, “Louisiana’s New ‘Kill the Carjacker’ Statute: Self-Defense or Instant Injustice?” Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 55, no. 1 (January 1999): 109–134.

287

Anne Case, Angus Deaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020), 1–16.

288

Beth Macy, Dopesick: Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company That Addicted America (New York: Little, Brown, 2018), 113.

289

Nash, “Addicted,” http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19970505,00.html.

290

Джастин Эдвардс, письмо Уильяму Аллену Хэллоку, в кн. William Allen Hallock, Light and Love: A Sketch of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Justin Edwards (New York, 1855), 195, https://books.google.com/books?id=ObpEAAAAIAAJ.

291

American Temperance Union, “Sixth Annual Report,” в кн. Permanent Temperance Documents, vol. 2 (New York, 1853), 332, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Permanent_Temperance_Documents_Annual_re/DNsXAAAAYAAJ.

292

Milton A. Maxwell, “The Washingtonian Movement,” Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 11, no. 3 (1950): 410–451, https://doi.org/10.15288/qjsa.1950.11.410; Christopher M. Finan, Drunks: An American History (Boston: Beacon Press, 2017), гл. 2; A Member of the Society, Foundation, Progress and Principles of the Washington Temperance Society […] (Baltimore, 1842), https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Foundation_Progress_and_Principles_o/iS1CAQAAMAAJ; David Harrisson Jr., A Voice from the Washingtonian Home […] (Boston, 1860), https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000052997631&view=1up&seq=9; T. S. Arthur, Six Nights with the Washingtonians: A Series of Temperance Tales (Philadelphia, 1843), https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044051143683&view=1up&seq=9; John Marsh, Hannah Hawkins, the Reformed Drunkard’s Daughter (New York,1844), https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=vA0qAAAAYAAJ.

293

Finan, Drunks, 37–39.

294

Gabriel, “Gods and Monsters,” 132.

295

Michelle L. McClellan, Lady Lushes: Gender, Alcoholism, and Medicine in Modern America (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2017), 41–42.

296

Blocker, American Temperance Movements, 41; Tyrrell, Sobering Up, 166.

297

Arthur, Six Nights, 43.

298

Abraham Lincoln, “Temperance Address Delivered before the Springfield Washington Temperance Society, on the 22nd February, 1842,” в кн. Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 1, ed. Roy P. Balser (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953; Ann Arbor, MI: Text Creation Partnership, 2011), 271–79.

299

John B. Gough, An Autobiography […], in Crowley, Drunkard’s Progress, 158.

300

William George Hawkins, Life of John H. W. Hawkins (Boston, 1862), 90–92, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t7fq9t07q&view=1up&seq=9.

301

Lincoln, “Temperance Address,” in Collected Works, 271–276.

302

Crowley, введение в кн. Drunkard’s Progress, 6.

303

Tyrrell, Sobering Up, 176.

304

[Walt Whitman], “Temperance among the Firemen!” New York Aurora, March 30, 1842, в кн. Walt Whitman, the Journalism, vol. 1, 1834–1846, ed. Herbert Bergman, Douglas A. Noverr, Edward J. Recchia (New York: Peter Lang, 1998), https://whitmanarchive.org/published/periodical/journalism/tei/per.00420.xml; Reynolds, “Black Cats,” 48.

305

Gough, An Autobiography, 136–140.

306