Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл

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77. Подробности об этой разработке и ссылки на другие работы Меркла в области нанотехнологий можно найти в: Ralph C. Merkle, “A Proposed ‘Metabolism’ for a Hydrocarbon Assembler”, Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (December 1997): 149–62, https://iopscience.iop.org/article /10.1088/0957-4484/8/4/001/meta, mirrored at http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/hydro CarbonMetabolism.html; “Papers by Ralph C. Merkle”, Merkle.com, accessed October 20, 2022, http://www.merkle.com/merkleDir/papers.html.

78. Merkle, “A Proposed ‘Metabolism’ for a Hydrocarbon Assembler”.

79. Об успехах в изучении графена, углеродных нанотрубок, наноцепей, а также о впечатляющем проекте МТИ по созданию компьютерного чипа с 14 000 транзисторов, целиком состоящего из углеродных нанотрубок: “The Graphene Times”, Nature Nanotechnology 14, no. 10, article 903 (October 3, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0561-4; “Nova: Car bon Nanotubes”, Mangefox, YouTube video, January 28, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19nzPt62UPg; Elizabeth Gibney, “Biggest Carbon-Nanotube Chip Yet Says ‘Hello, World!’”, Nature, August 28, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02576-7; Haifei Zhan et al., “The Best Features of Diamond Nanothread for Nanofibre Applications”, Nature Communications 8, article 14863 (March 17, 2017), https://doi.org/10.1038 /ncomms14863; Haifei Zhan et al., “High Density Mechanical Energy Storage with Carbon Nanothread Bundle”, Nature Communications 11, article 1905 (April 20, 2020), https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15807-7; Keigo Otsuka et al., “Deterministic Transfer of Optical-Quality Carbon Nanotubes for Atomically Defined Technology”, Nature Communications 12, article 3138 (May 25, 2021), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23413-4.

80. По-видимому, наиболее подробное исследование того, как можно осуществить механосинтез на базе алмазоидов, описано в статье Роберта Фрайтаса и Ральфа Меркла 2008 года о наборе реакций, необходимых для работы универсального наноассемблера. См. Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle, “A Minimal Toolset for Positional Diamond Mechanosynthesis”, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 5, no. 5 (May 2008): 760–862, https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2008.2531, mirrored at http://www.molecularassembler.com/Papers/MinToolset.pdf.

81. Masayuki Endo and Hiroshi Sugiyama, “DNA Origami Nanomachines”, Molecules 23, no. 7 (article 1766), July 18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071766; Fei Wang et al., “Programming Motions of DNA Origami Nanomachines”, Small 15, no. 26, article 1900013 (March 25, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900013.

82. Suping Li et al., “A DNA Nanorobot Functions as a Cancer Therapeutic in Response to a Molecular Trigger In Vivo”, Nature Biotechnology 36, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 258–64, https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4071; Stephanie Lauback et al., “Real-Time Magnetic Actuation of DNA Nanodevices via Modular Integration with Stiff Micro-Mevers”, Nature Communications 9, no. 1, article 1446 (April 13, 2018), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03601-5.

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85. Matthias Koch et al., “Spin Read-Out in Atomic Qubits in an All-Epitaxial Three-Dimensional Transistor”, Nature Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 137–40, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0338-1.

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88. Roshan Achal et al., “Lithography for Robust and Editable Atomic-Scale Silicon Devices and Memories”, Nature Communications 9, no. 1, article 2778 (July 23, 2018), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05171-y.

89. Chalmers University of Technology, “Graphene and Other Carbon Nanomaterials Can Replace Scarce Metals”, Phys.org, September 19, 2017, https://phys.org/news/2017-09-graphene-carbon-nanomaterials-scarce-metals.html; Rickard Arvisson and Björn A. Sandén, “Carbon Nanomaterials as Potential Substitutes for Scarce Metals”, Journal of Cleaner Production 156 (July 10, 2017): 253–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.048.

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92. Milton Esterow, “Art Experts Warn of a Surging Market in Fake Prints”, New York Times, January 24, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/arts/design/fake-art-prints.html; Kelly Crow, “Leonardo da Vinci Painting ‘Salvator Mundi’ Smashes Records with $450.3 Million Sale”, Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles /leonardo-da-vinci-painting-salvator-mundi-sells-for-450-3-million-1510794281.

93. Ray Kurzweil and Terry Grossman, Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever (Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2009).

94. Больше информации о последних исследованиях в биогеронтологии, нацеленных на понимание и устранение механизмов старения: “Why Age? Should We End Aging Forever?”, Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, YouTube video, October 20, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoJsr4IwCm4; “How to Cure Aging – During Your Lifetime?”, Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, YouTube video, November 3, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjdpR-TY6QU; “Daphne Koller, Chief Computing Officer, Calico Labs”, CB Insights, YouTube video, January 18, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EIZ8wJYAEA; “Ray Kurzweil – Physical Immortality”, Aging Reversed, YouTube video, January 3, 2017, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=BUExzREe9oo; Peter H. Diamandis, “Nanorobots: Where We Are Today and Why Their Future Has Amazing Potential”, SingularityHub, May 16, 2016, https://singu larityhub.com/2016/05/16/nanorobots-where-we-are-today-and-why-their-future-has-amazing-potential.

95. Nicola Davis, “Human Lifespan Has Hit Its Natural Limit, Research Suggests”, Guardian, October 5, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/05/human-lifespan-has-hit-its-natural-limit-research-suggests; Craig R. Whitney, “Jeanne Calment, World’s Elder, Dies at 122”, New York Times, August 5, 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/05/world/jeanne-calment-world-s-elder-dies-at-122.html.

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97. France Meslé and Jacques Vallin, “Causes of Death at Very Old Ages, Including for Supercentenarians”, in Exceptional Lifespans, ed. Heiner Maier et al. (Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020): 72–82, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9.pdf?pdf=button.

98. “Aubrey De Grey – Living to 1,000 Years Old”, Aging Reversed, YouTube video, May 26, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkMPZ8obByw; “One-on-One: An Investigative Interview with Aubrey de Grey—44th St. Gallen Symposium”, StGallenSymposium, YouTube video, May 8, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkBfT_EPBIo; “Aubrey de Grey, PhD: ‘The Science of Curing Aging’”, Talks at Google, YouTube video, January 4, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6ARUQ5LoUo.

99. “A Reimagined Research Strategy for Aging”, SENS Research Foundation, accessed December 27, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20221118080039/https://www.sens.org/our-research/intro-to-sens-research.

100. “Longevity: Reaching Escape Velocity”, Foresight Institute, YouTube video, December 12, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4b19vZ57U4.

101. Richard Zijdeman and Filipa Ribeira da Silva, “Life Expectancy at Birth (Total)”, IISH Data Collection, V1 (2015), https://hdl.handle.net/10622/LKYT53.

102. Robert A. Freitas Jr., “The Life-Saving Future of Medicine”, Guardian, March 28, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/what-is-nano/nano-and-the-life-saving-future-of-medicine.

103. Jacqueline Krim, “Friction at the Nano-Scale”, Physics World, February 2, 2005, https://physicsworld.com/a/friction-at-the-nano-scale.

104. Rose