Империя, колония, геноцид. Завоевания, оккупация и сопротивление покоренных в мировой истории - Коллектив авторов -- История

человеческих возможностей у Кросби: Tom Griffiths, «Ecology and Empire: Towards an Australian History of the World» in Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies, ed. Tom Griffi ths and Libby Robin (Melbourne, 1997), 2–3. See also McDonnell and Moses, «Lemkin as Historian of Genocide in the Americas» 519.

128

McDonnell and Moses, «Lemkin as Historian of Genocide in the Americas» 517–20.

129

Donald Denoon, Settler Capitalism: The Dynamics of Dependant Development in the Southern Hemisphere (Oxford, 1983), 1.

130

Там же, 26. See Patrick Wolfe, «Structure and Event: Settler Colonialism, Time, and the Question of Genocide» in this volume. For literature on settler colonialism, see Andrew Armitage, Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (Vancouver, 1995); Lynette Russell, ed., Colonial Frontier: Indigenous-European Encounters in Settler Societies (Manchester, 2001); Ronald Weitzer, Transforming Settler States: Communal Confl ict and Internal Security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe (Berkeley, CA, 1990); Kate Darian-Smith, Liz Gunner and Sarah Nuttall, eds., Text, Theory, Space: Land, Literature and History in South Africa and Australia (London and New York, 1996); David Trigger and Gareth Griffi ths, eds., Disputed Territories: Land, Culture and Identity in Settler Societies (Hong Kong, 2003); Tim Murray, The Archaeology of Contact in Settler Societies (Cambridge, 2004); Moses, Genocide and Settler Society.

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Средневековый тюркский народ, который состоял из 24 основных племен и жил до XI века в степях Средней Азии и Монголии. – Примеч. ред.

132

Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History (Philadelphia, 2001); Peter B. Golden, «Nomads and their Sedentary Neighbors in Pre-Cinggisid Eurasia», Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 7 (1991): 41–81; Denis Sinor, «Inner Asian Warriors», Journal of the American Oriental Society 101, no. 2 Empire, Colony, Genocide 49 (1981): 133–144; Nicola Di Cosmo, «Ancient Inner Asian Nomads: Their Economic Basis and its Signifi cance in Chinese History», Journal of Asian Studies 52, no. 4 (1994): 1092–1126. Я благодарю Фиону Кидд за эти ссылки. Критику сельскохозяйственных обществ см. в книге: Hugh Brody. The Other Side of Eden. Hunter-Gatherers, Farmers, and the Shaping of the World (London 2000).

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Ср.: Norbert Finzsch, «“Туземцы… так и не были истреблены и все же вымирают”: Колониальный империализм и геноцид в Америке и Австралии XIX века» в этой книге; и John C. Weaver, The Great Land Rush and the Making of the Modern World, 1650–1900 (Montreal and Kingston, 2003).

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Cole Harris, «How Did Colonialism Dispossess Comments from an Edge of Empire», Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94, no. 1 (2004): 165–82. See also his Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia (Vancouver, 2002). Харрис находится под влиянием концепции Вулфа о «логике устранения», как и редакторы книги Settler Colonialism in the Twentieth Century: Projects, Practices, Legacies, ed. Caroline Elkins and Susan Pedersen (London, 2005). О Канаде: Colin Samson, A Way of Life that Does Not Exist: Canada and the Extinguishment of the Innu (London, 2003). О колониальных огораживаниях: Lance van Sittert, «Holding the Line: The Rural Enclosure Movement in the Cape Colony, 1865–1910», Journal of African History 43, no. 1 (2002): 95–118.

135

Denoon, Settler Capitalism, 27.

136

Timothy Parsons, The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective (Lanham, MD, 1999), 2.

137

De Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, 61, 65.

138

H. L. Wesseling, «Colonial Wars: An Introduction» в книге Imperialism and War: Essays on Colonial Wars in Asia and Africa, ed. J.A. de Moor and H.L. Wesseling (Leiden, 1988), 3; Peter Paret, «Colonial Experience and European Military Reform at the End of the Eighteenth Century», в книге Warfare and Empires, ed. Douglas M. Peters (Aldershot, UK, 1997), 357–70.

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Michael Howard, «Colonial Wars and European Wars» в книге de Moor and Wesseling, Imperialism and War, 218–23; George Raudzens, «Why did the Amerindian Defences Fail? Parallels in the European Invasions of Hispaniola, Virginia and Beyond» War in History 3, no. 3 (1996): 331–52; Luke Godwin, «The Fluid Frontier: Central Queensland, 1845–63» в книге Colonial Frontiers: Indigenous-European Encounters in Settler Societies, ed. Lynette Russell (Manchester, UK, 2001), 112.

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Карифуна – альтернативное название карибских народов (калинаго), населявших Малые Антильские острова до европейской колонизации. – Примеч. ред.

141

Hilary Beckles, «The Genocide Policy in English-Karifuna Relations in the Seventeenth Century» in Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600–1850, ed. Martin Daunton and Rick Halpern (London, 1999), 280–302. Численность карибов, составлявшая 8000 человек, к 1730 году сократилась до 630 человек, а к середине XX века восстановилась до 900 человек. В 1960 году оно составляло 1136 человек при общей численности населения около 60 000, а в 1978 году – почти 2000.

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Степь на юго-востоке Южной Америки. – Примеч. ред.

143

Richard W. Slatta, «Civilization’ Battles ‘Barbarism’: The Limits of Argentine Indian Frontier Struggle» in The Military and Confl ict between Cultures: Soldiers at the Interface, ed. James C. Bradford (College Station, TX, 1997), 131–146.

144

C. E. Callwell, Small Wars: A Tactical Textbook for Imperial Soldiers, 3rd ed. (London, [1906] 1990), 26–27, 45, 145; Holquist, «To Count, to Extract, and to Exterminate».

145

De Tocqueville, Writings on Empire and Slavery, 70, 87.

146

Peter Rex, The English Resistance: The Underground War against the Normans (Stroud, UK, 2004), 87–105.

147

Nicholas P. Canny, «The Ideology of English Colonization: From Ireland to America» William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 30, no. 4 (1973): 582–583.