Мусульманское открытие Европы - Бернард Льюис

and Seippel, Rerum Normannicarum, p. 23.

178

Ibn Khaldūn, al-Muqaddima, ed. Quatremère (Paris, 1858) 3: 93; cf. French transl., M. de Slane, Les Prolégomènes (Paris, 1863–68) 3: 129; cf. English transl., F. Rosenthal, The Muqaddima (New York-London, 1958) 3: 117–18.

179

Ibn Khaldūn, Kitāb al-

bar 6 (Cairo, 1867): 290–91.

180

See K. Jahn’s partial edition with French translation of Rash

d al-D n’s section on Europe, Histoire universelle de Ras d ad-D n, and his later German translation, Die Frankengeschichte … See further, K. Jahn, «Die Erweiterung unseres Geschichtbildes durch Raš d al-D n,» Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Klasse der Österreichischen Akad. der Wiss. (1970): 139–49 and J. A. Boyle, «Rash d al-D n and the Franks,» Central Asian Journal 14 (1970): 62–67.

181

Rash

d al-D n, Histoire, pp. 5–18; Frankengeschichte, p. 49.

182

On Piri Reis and his map, see P. Kahle, Die verschollene Columbus-Karte von Amerika vom Jahre 1498 in einer türkischen Weltkarte von 1513 (Berlin-Leipzig, 1932); R. Almagia, «Il mappamondo di Piri Reis la carte di Colombo del 1498,» Societa Geografica Italiana, Bolletino 17 (1934): 442–49; E. Braunlich, «Zwei türkische Weltkarten aus dem Zeitalter der grossen Entdeckungen,» Berichte … Verhandl. Sächs. Ak. Wiss. Leipzig, Phil. Hist. Kl. 89, pt. 1 (1939); Afetinan, Piri Reis’in Amerika haritas

1513–1528 (Ankara, 1954). On Ottoman geographical literature in general, see EI2., s.v. «Djughrāfiyā,» vi, the article by F. Taeschner; idem, «Die geographische Literatur der Osmanen,» Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 77 (1923): 31–80; A. Adnan-Adivar, La science chez les Turcs Ottomans (Paris, 1939); idem, Osmanl Turklerinde Ilim (Istanbul, 1943) — a fuller Turkish version of La science.

183

Tarih al-Hind al-Garbi.

184

Adnan-Adivar, Ilim, p. 73, citing d’Avezac, «Mappemonde Turque de 1559,» Acad. Inscr. et Belles Lettres (Paris, 1865).

185

Kâtib Çelebi, M

zān al- aqq ikhtiyār al-a aqq (Istanbul, 1268 A. H.), p. 136; cf. English translation, G. L. Lewis, The Balance of Truth (London, 1957), p. 136.

186

Adnan-Adivar, Science, p. 121; Ilim, p. 134.

187

Ibid., p. 122; Ilim, p. 135.

188

Ibid., p. 135; Ilim, p. 153.

189

Vasif, Tarih, 2: 70; cited in J. von Hammer, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, 2nd. ed. (Pest, 1834–36) 4: 602 and idem, French transl. by J. J. Hellert, Histoire de l’Empire Ottoman (Paris, 1835ff) 16: 248–49.

190

Hammer, Histoire, 16: 249 note.

191

Âli, Künh al-ahbar (Istanbul, 1869) 5: 9–14; idem, Meva‘iddü’n-Nefa’is fi kava

di ‘l-mecalis (Istanbul, 1956) facs. 152–53.

192

Evliya, 7: 224–25; cf. Kreutel, p. 39.

193

Oruç, ed. Babinger, p. 67. On Mehmed’s alleged interest in Western scholarship, see F. Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time, transl. R. Mannheim (Princeton, 1978), pp. 494ff.

194

On these works, see B. Lewis, «The Use by Muslim Historians of Non-Muslim Sources» in Islam in History (London, 1973), pp. 101–14.

195

V. L. Ménage, «Three Ottoman Treatises …» p. 423.

196

On Huseyn Hezārfenn, see H. Wurm, Der osmanische Historiker

ūseyn b. Ğa er, genannt Hezārfenn … (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1971), esp. pp. 122–49. The mss. of the Tenkih are listed in Babinger GOW, pp. 229–30. The ms. used here is in the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow (cf. JRAS, 1906, pp. 602ff).

197

Müneccimbaşi, Saha’if al-ahbar (Istanbul, 1285/1868–69) 2: 652.

198

Oruç, Kreutel transl., p. 95, (from ms.; the Turkish original of this section of Oruç’s book is still unpublished).

199

Firdevsi-i Rumi, Kutb-Name, eds. I. Olgun and I. Parmaksizoğlu (Ankara, 1980), p. 74.

200

Ibid., p. 93.

201

Selaniki, ms. Nuruosmaniye 184, cited by A. Refik, Türkler ve Kraliçe Elizabet (Istanbul, 1932), p. 9.

202

Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke (Istanbul, 1276 A. H.), 2: 234, cf. Naima, Tarih (Istanbul, n.d.), 4: 94.

203

Fezleke, 2: 134–35; cf. Naima, 3: 69–70.

204

Ibid., 1: 331–33; cf. Naima 2: 80–82.

205

Ibid., 2: 382; cf. Naima 5: 267. For a detailed and documented life of Cappello, see G. Benzoni in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, XVIII (Rome, 1975), pp. 786–89.

206

Peçevi, 1: 106.

207

B. Lewis, «The Use by Muslim Historians….» pp. 107–8, p. 314, n. 20, citing F. V. Kraelitz, «Der osmanische Historiker Ibrāh

m Pečewi» Der Islam 7 (1918): 252–60.

208

Peçevi, 1: 184 (on expedition in 1552); idem, 1: 255 (Morisco rising in 1568–70); idem, 1: 343–48 (expedition against Spain); idem, 1: 485 (the Moriscos); idem, 1: 106–8 (on gunpowder and printing).