Мусульманское открытие Европы - Бернард Льюис

ammad ibn Ta’w t al-Tanj (Cairo 1951), pp. 84–85; cf. French transl. by A. Cheddadi, Le Voyage d’Occident en Orient (Paris, 1980), pp. 91–92.

89

Usāma, pp. 140–141; cf. Hitti, pp. 169–76.

90

Abū

āmid al Granadino y su relación de viaje por tierras eurasiáticas, ed. and trans. C. E. Dubler (Madrid, 1953). See further, I. Hrbek, «Ein arabischer Bericht über Ungarn,» Acta Orientalia 5 (1955): 205–30.

91

Ibn Jubayr, Ri

la (The Travels of Ibn Jubayr) ed. W. Wright (Leiden, 1907), p. 303; cf. English transl. R. C. J. Broadhurst, The Travels of Ibn Jubayr (London, 1953), p. 318.

92

Ibn Jubayr, pp. 305–6; cf. Broadhurst, p. 321.

93

Ibid., p. 301; cf. Broadhurst, pp. 316–17. The concluding quotation is from Qur’ān, 7.154.

94

Ibn Shāh

n al- āhir , Zubdat kashf al-mamālik, ed. P. Ravaisse (Paris, 1894) p. 41; cf. French translation, J. Gaulmier, La zubda kachf al-mamālik (Beirut, 1950), p. 60. Cf. M. A. Alarcón and R. Garcia, Los documentos árabes diplomáticos del Archivo de la corona de Aragón (Madrid and Granada, 1940).

95

See P. Pelliot, «Les Mongols et la Papauté,» Revue de l’Orient Chrétien 3rd ser., 23 (1922–23): 3–30, 24 (1924): 225–335, and 28 (1931); V. Minorsky, «The Middle East in Western Politics in the thirteenth, fifteenth, and seventeenth Centuries,» Royal Central Asian Society Journal 4 (1940): 427–61; J. A. Boyle, «The Il-Khans of Persia and the Princes of Europe,» Central Asian Journal 20 (1976): 28–40; D. Sinor, «Les Relations entre les Mongols et l’Europe jusqu’à la Mort d’Arghoun et de Bela IV,» Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale 3 (1956): 37–92.

96

mar , al-Ta f bil-mu tala t al-shar f (Cairo, 1312 A. H.).

97

Qalqashand

, ub al-a hā f inā t al-inshā’ (Cairo, 1913ff), 8: 25ff; cf. M. Amari, «Dei titoli che usava la cancelleria di Egitto,» Mem. del. R. Acc. Linc. (1883–84): 507–34; H. Lammens, «Correspondence diplomatiques entre les sultans mamlouks d’Égypte et les puissances chrétiennes,» Revue de l’Orient Chrétien 9 (1904): 151–87 and 10 (1905): 359–92.

98

Qalqashand

, 7: 42ff.

99

Juvayn

, Ta’r kh-i jihān gushā, ed. M. M. Qazv n , vol. 1 (London, 1912), pp. 38–39. Cf. English transl., J. A. Boyle, The History of the World Conqueror (Manchester, 1958), 1: 53.

100

Nicholas de Nicolay, Les navigations … (Antwerp, 1576), p. 246.

101

B. Lewis, Notes and Documents from the Turkish Archives (Jerusalem, 1952), pp. 32 and 34.

102

A. Arce, «Espionaje y última aventura de Jose Nasi (1569–1574)» Sefarad 13 (1953): 257–86.

103

C. D. Rouillard, The Turk in French History, Thought, and Literature 1520–1660 (Paris, 1938), pt. 1, chap. 2.

104

M. Herbette, Une Ambassade Persane sous Louis XIV (Paris, 1907).

105

A. A. De Groot, The Ottoman Empire and the Dutch Republic: A History of the Earliest Diplomatie Relations 1610–1670 (Leiden, 1978), pp. 125–29.

106

On the reports of Ottoman embassies to Europe and elsewhere, see F. Babinger, Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke (Leipzig, 1927), pp. 322–37, hereafter cited as GOW; and for a much fuller account, F. R. Unat, Osmanli Sefirleri ve Sefaretnameleri (Ankara, 1968). A few of these texts have been translated (see Babinger, loc. cit.); the best and most recent are the annotated German versions published by R. F. Kreutel in his series, Osmanische Geschichtsschreiber (Graz, 1955ff). On European diplomacy in Istanbul, see B. Spuler, «Die europäische Diplomatie in Konstantinopel bis zum Frieden von Belgrad (1739),» Jahrbücher für Kultur und Geschichte der Slaven, 11 (1935): 53–115, 171–222, 313–366; idem, «Europäische Diplomaten in Konstantinopel bis zum Frieden von Belgrad (1739),» Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 1 (1936): 229–62, 383–440.

107

See Babinger, GOW, p. 325.

108

See K. Teply, «Evliyā Çeleb

in Wien,» Der Islam 52 (1975): 125–31.

109

Evliya, 7: 398–99; cf. Kreutel, p. 160–61.

110

There are several editions of the embassy report of Mehmed Efendi with some variations in the text. The book was first published in Paris and Istanbul with a French translation as Relation de l’embassade de Méhmet Effendi à la cour de France en 1721 écrite par lui même et traduit par Julién Galland (Constantinople and Paris, 1757). I have used the Turkish edition of Ebuzziya, ed., Paris Sefaretnamesi (Istanbul, 1306). When this book was already in proof a new edition of Galland’s version appeared — Mehmed Efendi, Le paradis des infidèles, ed. Gilles Veinstein, (Paris, 1981).

111

Mehmed Efendi, p. 345; cf. French transl., pp. 34ff.

112