Мусульманское открытие Европы - Бернард Льюис

Black Sea Slave Trade,» Canadian American Slavic Studies 6 (1972):575–94; and idem, The Russian Annexation of the Crimea 1772–1783 (Cambridge, 1970).

247

E. J. W. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry, Vol. 3 (London, 1904), p. 217.

248

On these works, see H. Müller, Die Kunst des Sklavenkaufs (Freiburg, 1980).

249

On these and other stories, see A. D. Alderson, The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty (Oxford, 1956), pp. 85ff; Çağatay Uluçay, Harem II (Ankara, 1971); idem, Padişahlarin Kadinlari ve Kizlari (Ankara, 1980); E. Rossi, «La Sultana Nūr Bānū (Cecilia Venier-Baffo) moglie di Selim II (1566–1574) e madre di Murad III (1574–1595),» Oriente Moderno 33 (1953): 433–41; S. A. Skilliter, «Three Letters from the Ottoman ‘Sultana’

āfiye to Queen Elizabeth I» in Documents from Islamic Chanceries, ed. S. M. Stern (Oxford, 1965), pp. 119–57.

250

Ibn al-

uwayr, cited by al-Maqr z , al-Mawā wa’l-i ibār bi-dhikr al-khi a wa’l-āthār (Būlāq, 1270/1853) 1: 444.

251

J. Richard, «An account of the Battle of Hattin,» Speculum, 27 (1952): 168–77.

252

Bulla in Cena Domini, Clement VII anno 1527, Urban VIII anno 1627. Cited in K. Pfaff, «Beiträge zur Geschichte der Abendmahlsbulle vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert,» Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde 38 (1930): 38–39.

253

CSP Spanish (1568–79) London 1894 (n. 609), p. 706, Spanish ambassador in London to Phillip II (28 Nov. 1579); CSP Venetian (1603–07), p. 326; letter dated 28 Feb. 1605 o.s. from Venetian consul in Melos to Bailo in Istanbul. I owe the references in this and the preceding note to the late V. J. Parry.

254

Qazv

n , p. 362; cf. Jacob, p. 32.

255

Ibn Sa

d, p. 134.

256

Rash

d al-D n, Histoire, pp. 4–5/18; Frankengeschichte, p. 49.

257

N. Beldiceanu, Les actes des premiers Sultans vol. 1 (Paris, 1960), p. 127.

258

Peçevi, 1:365; translated in B. Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire (Norman, 1963), pp. 133–35.

259

Ghassān

, pp. 44–45; cf. Sauvaire, pp. 97–99.

260

Vasif, in Cevdet, 4:357; cf. Barbier de Meynard, pp. 520–21.

261

Mehmed Efendi, p. 109; cf. French transl., p. 163.

262

Resmi, Sefaretname-i … Prusya …, pp. 27–28, 33, and 36.

263

Azmi, passim.

264

Hashmet, Intisāb al-mulūk, appended to Divān (Būlāq, 1842), pp. 8–9.

265

Mas

r-i alib yā Safarnāma-i M rzā Abū ālib Khān, ed. H. Khad v-Jam (Tehran, 1974), p. 201ff; cf. English transl., C. Stewart, Travels of Mirza Abu Taleb Khan …, (London, 1814), vol. 2, chap. 13:lff.

266

Karal, Halet, pp. 32–33.

267

Cited in EI2., s.v. ″

aysar″ (R. Paret and I. Shahid).

268

abar , Ta’r kh al-rusul wa’l-mulūk, ed. M. J. De Goeje (Leiden, 1879–1901), 3: 695. Hārūn may have been insulted because Nikephoras had previously addressed him as «King of the Arabs» — a demeaning title in Muslim terms.

269

Ghassān

, p. 41; cf. Sauvaire, pp. 90–91. Vakiat-i Sultan Cem, p. 21.

270

S. M. Stern, «An Embassy of the Byzantine Emperor to the Fatimid Caliph al-Mu

zz», Byzantion 20 (1950): 239–58.

271

Many examples are preserved in the Public Records Office in London. For further references, see, EI2., s.v. «Diplomatic.»

272

F. Kraelitz, «Bericht …,» pp. 24–25. Kraelitz’s German translation of this expression is based on a misunderstanding of the Turkish text.

273

Public Record Office SP 102/61/14.

274

Ghassān

, pp. 80ff.; cf. Sauvaire, pp. 181ff.

275

Mehmed Efendi, p. 65; cf. French transl. p. 97.

276

Azm

, pp. 46ff and passim.

277

Abū ’l-Faraj al-I

fahān , Kitāb al-Aghān (Bulāq, 1285) 17: 14; English translation in B. Lewis, Islam, 1: 27.

278

Qalqashand

, 8: 53.

279

Rash

d al-D n, Histoire, pp. 2–3/15–16; Frankengeschichte, pp. 46–47.

280

mar