Революция разума: на подступах к Сингулярности. Как технологии изменят общество и сознание - Рэймонд Курцвейл

and Martin J. Rees, “Why Is the Cosmic Microwave Background Fluctuation Level 10–5?”, Astronomical Journal 499, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 526–32, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305673/pdf.

69. Friedrich, “Fine-Tuning”, Stanford Encyclopedia; Tegmark and Rees, “Why Is the Cosmic Microwave Background Fluctuation Level 10–5?”

70. Martin J. Rees, Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1999), 104.

71. Rees, Just Six Numbers, 104.

72. Friedrich, “Fine-Tuning”, Stanford Encyclopedia; Roger Penrose, The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe (New York: Vintage, 2004), 729–30.

73. Tony Padilla, “How Many Particles in the Universe?”, Numberphile, YouTube video, July 10, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpj0E0a0mlU; Villanueva, “How Many Atoms Are in the Universe?”; Jacob Aron, “Number of Ways to Arrange 128 Balls Exceeds Atoms in Universe”, New Scientist, January 28, 2016, https://www.newscientist.com/article/2075593.

74. Luke Barnes (L. A. Barnes), “The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 29, no. 4 (June 7, 2012): 531, https://www.publish.csiro.au/as/pdf/AS12015.

75. Brad Lemley, “Why Is There Life?”, Discover, November 2000, http://discovermagazine.com/2000/nov/cover.

76. Подробнее об антропном принципе, а также восхитительная беседа биолога и атеиста Ричарда Докинза и астронома и католика отца Джорджа Койна: Roberto Trotta, “What Is the Anthropic Principle?”, Physics World, YouTube video, January 17, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWkJ8Pl-8l8; Richard Dawkins and George Coyne, “The Anthropic Principle”, jlcamelo, July 9, 2010, https://youtu.be/lm9ZtYkd kEQ?t=102; Joe Rogan and Nick Bostrom, “Joe Rogan Experience #1350—Nick Bostrom”, PowerfulJRE, September 11, 2019, https://web.archive.org/web/20190918171740/https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c4cv7rVlE8; Christopher Smeenk and George Ellis, “Philosophy of Cosmology”, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta (Winter 2017), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmology.

77. Lemley, “Why Is There Life?”

78. Простое объяснение принципов работы генеративно-состязательных сетей, а также несколько технологий будущего, которые позволят ИИ воссоздавать личности умерших: Robert Miles, “Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)”, Computerphile, YouTube video, October 25, 2017, https://www.you tube.com/watch?v=Sw9r8CL98N0; Michael Kammerer, “I Trained an AI to Imitate My Own Art Style. This Is What Happened”, Towards Data Science, March 28, 2019, https://towardsdatascience.com/i-trained-an-ai-to-imitate-my-own-art-style-this-is-what-hap pened-461785b9a15b; Ana Santos Rutschman, “Artificial Intelligence Can Now Emulate Human Behaviors – Soon It Will Be Dangerously Good”, The Conversation, April 5, 2019, https://theconversation.com/artificial-intelligence-can-now-emulate-human-behaviors-soon-it-will-be-dangerously-good-114136; Catherine Stupp, “Fraudsters Used AI to Mimic CEO’s Voice in Unusual Cybercrime Case”, Wall Street Journal, August 30, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/fraudsters-use-ai-to-mimic-ceos-voice-in-unusual-cyber crime-case-11567157402; David Nield, “New AI Generates Freakishly Realistic People Who Don’t Actually Exist”, Science Alert, February 19, 2019, https://www.sciencealert.com/ai-is-getting-creepily-good-at-generating-faces-for-people-who-don-t-actually-exist; Alec Radford et al., “Better Language Models and Their Implications”, OpenAI, February 14, 2019, https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models; Richard Socher, “Introducing a Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation”, Salesforce Einstein, accessed March 10, 2023, https://blog.einstein.ai/introducing-a-cond itional-transformer-language-model-for-controllable-generation.

79. Jeffrey Grubb, “Google Duplex; A.I. Assistant Calls Local Businesses to Make Appointments”, Jeff Grubb’s Game Mess, YouTube video, May 8, 2018, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=D5VN56jQMWM.

80. Monkeypaw Productions and BuzzFeed, “You Won’t Believe What Obama Says in This Video”, BuzzFeedVideo, YouTube video, April 17, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ54GDm1eL0; “Could Deepfakes Weaken Democracy?”, Economist, YouTube video, October 22, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_m2dRDQEC1A; Kristin Houser, “This ‘RoboTrump’ AI Mimics the President’s Writing Style”, Futurism, October 23, 2019, https://futurism.com/robotrump-ai-text-generator-trump.

81. “No Country for Old Actors”, Ctrl Shift Face, YouTube video, November 13, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow_uufCxm1A.

82. Casey Newton, “Speak, Memory”, The Verge, October 6, 2016, https://www.theverge.com /a/luka-artificial-intelligence-memorial-roman-mazurenko-bot.

83. Подробнее о научных основах эффекта «зловещей долины»: Michael Stevens, “Why Are Things Creepy?”, Vsauce, YouTube video, July 2, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEikGKDVsCc.

84. Подробнее о разработке реалистичных андроидов и парадоксе Моравеца: Tim Hornyak, “Insanely Humanlike Androids Have Entered the Workplace and Soon May Take Your Job,” CNBC, October 31, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/31/human-like-androids-have-entered-the-workplace-and-may-take-your-job.html; Jade Tan-Holmes, “Moravec’s Paradox – Why Are Machines So Smart, Yet So Dumb?”, Up and Atom, YouTube video, July 8, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcfVRkC3Dp0; J. C. Eccles, “Evolution of Consciousness”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89, no. 16 (August 15, 1992): 7320–24, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC49701; Hans Moravec, Mind Children (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 1–50.

85. John Hawks, “How Has the Human Brain Evolved?”, Scientific American Mind 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 76, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0713-76b.

86. “ASIMO World2001-2/3”, jnomw, YouTube video, October 28, 2006, https://www.you tube.com/watch?v=Ph_B_5hKRIE.

87. “More Parkour Atlas”, BostonDynamics, YouTube video, September 24, 2019, https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sBBaNYex3E.

88. “Sophia the Robot by Hanson Robotics ”, Hanson Robotics Limited, YouTube video, September 5, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhU9hOo5Cuc; “Meet Little Sophia, Hanson Robotics’ Newest Robot”, Hanson Robotics Limited, YouTube video, February 11, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cGRPvN5430; “Ameca Expressions with GPT3 / 4”, Engineered Arts, YouTube video, March 31, 2023, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=yUszJyS3d7A.

89. Anders Sandberg and Nick Bostrom, Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap, technical report 2008-3, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University (2008), 13, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/brain-emulation-roadmap-report.pdf.

90. Sandberg and Bostrom, Whole Brain Emulation, 80–81.

91. Несколько источников по теме резервного копирования и эмуляции мозга: S. A. Graziano, “How Close Are We to Uploading Our Minds?”, TED-Ed, YouTube video, October 29, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DWnvx1NYUA; Trace Dominguez, “How Close Are We to Downloading the Human Brain?”, Seeker, YouTube video, September 13, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DE5e5zF6a-8; Michio Kaku, “Could We Transport Our Consciousness Into Robots?”, Big Think, YouTube video, May 31, 2011, https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=tT1vxEpE1aI; Matt O’Dowd, “Computing a Universe Simulation”, PBS Space Time, YouTube video, October 10, 2018, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=0GLgZvTCbaA; Riken, “All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Bacterial Cytoplasm”, rikenchannel, YouTube video, June 6, 2017, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=5JcFgj2gHx8; “Scientists Create First Billion-Atom Biomolecular Simulation”, Los Alamos National Lab, YouTube video, April 22, 2019, https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=jmeik65RkJw; “Matrioshka Brains”, Isaac Arthur, YouTube video, June 23, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ef-mxjYkllw; Simon Makin, “The Four Biggest Challenges in Brain Simulation”, Nature 571, S9 (July 25, 2019), https://www.nature.com /articles/d41586-019-02209-z; Egidio D’Angelo et al., “Realistic Modeling of Neurons and Networks: Towards Brain Simulation”, Functional Neurology 28, no. 3 (July – September 2013): 153–66, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812748; Elon Musk and Neuralink, “An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform with Thousands of Channels”, Neuralink working paper, July 17, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1101/703801; Fujitsu, “Supercomputer Used to Simulate 3,000-Atom Nano Device”, Phys.org, January 14, 2014, https://phys.org/news/2014-01-supercomputer-simulate-atom-nano-device.html; Anders Sandberg, “Ethics of Brain Emulations,” Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 439–57, https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2014.895113; Ray Kurzweil, How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed (New York: Viking, 2012).

92. Michael Merzenich, “Growing Evidence of Brain Plasticity”, TED video, February 2004, https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_merzenich_on_the_elastic_brain.

Глава 4. Уровень жизни растет экспоненциальными темпами

1. World Bank Development Research Group, “Poverty Headcount Ratio at $2.15 a Day