Машина творения: Новые организмы, редактирование генома и лабораторные гамбургеры - Эми Уэбб

Stephanie M. Lee, «This Biohacker Is Trying to Edit His Own DNA and Wants You to Join Him,» BuzzFeed, October 14, 2017, www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/this-biohacker-wants-to-edit-his-own-dna.

312

Molly Olmstead, «The Fuzzy Regulations Surrounding DIY Synthetic Biology,» Slate, May 4, 2017, https://slate.com/technology/2017/05/the-fuzzy-regulations-surrounding-diy-synthetic-biology.html.

313

Дудна и Чжэн основали по четыре компании, включая Scribe Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences и Caribou Biosciences (Дудна) и Sherlock Biosciences, Arbor Biotechnologies, Beam Therapeutics и Editas Medicine (Чжэн). Шарпантье основала две компании: CRISPR Therapeutics и ERS Genomics. Изначально Дудна была соучредителем Editas, но затем из-за патентного спора разорвала отношения с Чжэном.

314

«Statement from Ambassador Katherine Tai on the Covid-19 Trips Waiver,» Office of the United States Trade Representative, May 5, 2021, https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2021/may/statement-ambassador-katherine-tai-covid-19-trips-waiver.

315

Kate Taylor, «More Parents Plead Guilty in College Admissions Scandal,» The New York Times, October 21, 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/10/21/us/college-admissions-scandal.html.

316

Andrew Martinez, «Lawyer Who Paid $75G to Fix Daughter's Test Answers Gets One-Month Prison Term,» Boston Herald, October 3, 2019, www.bostonherald.com/2019/10/03/lawyer-who-paid-75g-to-fix-daughters-test-answers-gets-one-month-prison-term.

317

Matthew Campbell and Doug Lyu, «China's Genetics Giant Wants to Tailor Medicine to Your DNA,» Bloomberg, November 13, 2019, www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-11-13/chinese-genetics-giant-bgi-wants-to-tailor-medicine-to-your-dna.

318

«China: Minority Region Collects DNA from Millions,» Human Rights Watch, December 13, 2017, www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/13/china-minority-region-collects-dna-millions.

319

Sui-Lee Wee, «China Uses DNA to Track Its People, with the Help of American Expertise,» The New York Times, February 21, 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/02/21/business/china-xinjiang-uighur-dna-thermo-fisher.html.

320

«China's Ethnic Tinderbox,» BBC, July 9, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8141867.stm.

321

Simon Denyer, «Researchers May Have 'Found' Many of China's 30 Million Missing Girls,» The Washington Post, November 30, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/30/researchers-may-have-found-many-of-chinas-30-million-missing-girls.

322

Kirsty Needham, «Special Report: COVID Opens New Doors for China's Gene Giant,» Reuters, August 5, 2020, www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bgi-specialreport-idUSKCN2511CE.

323

The Seasteading Institute hopes to create ocean-based communities outside the governing frameworks of established countries. Nobel Prize–winning economist Milton Friedman's grandson, Patri Friedman, and PayPal cofounder and venture capitalist Peter Thiel are cofounders. https://www.seasteading.org/.

324

«Todai-Led Team Creates Mouse Pancreas in Rat in Treatment Breakthrough,» Japan Times, January 26, 2017, www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/01/26/national/science-health/treatment-breakthrough-todai-led-team-creates-mouse-pancreas-rat-transplants-diabetic-mouse.

325

Nidhi Subbaraman, «First Monkey–Human Embryos Reignite Debate over Hybrid Animals,» Nature 592, no. 7855 (April 15, 2021): 497, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01001-2.

326

Julian Savulescu and César Palacios-González, «First Human–Monkey Embryos Created–A Small Step Towards a Huge Ethical Problem,» The Conversation, April 22, 2021, https://theconversation.com/first-human-monkey-embryos-created-a-small-step-towards-a-huge-ethical-problem-159355.

327

Alex Fox, «Compared with Hummingbirds, People Are Rather Colorblind,» Smithsonian Magazine, June 18, 2020, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/compared-hummingbirds-were-all-colorblind-180975111.

328

Guy Rosen, «How We're Tackling Misinformation Across Our Apps,» https://about.fb.com/news/2021/03/how-were-tackling-misinformation-across-our-apps.

329

Там же.

330

Fortune 500, https://fortune.com/fortune500.

331

Healthy and Natural World, «Scientists Warn People to Stop Eating Instant Noodles Due to Cancer and Stroke Risks».

332

Michelle R. Smith and Johnathan Reiss, «Inside One Network Cashing In on Vaccine Disinformation,» Associated Press, May 13, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/anti-vaccine-bollinger-coronavirus-disinformation-a7b8e1f33990670563b4c469b462c9bf.

333

Там же.

334

Ben Guarino, Ariana Eunjung Cha, Josh Wood, and Griff Witte, «'The Weapon That Will End the War': First Coronavirus Vaccine Shots Given Outside Trials in U.S.,» December 14, 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/12/14/first-covid-vaccines-new-york.

335

«Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations,» Our World In Data, https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=USA.

336

«Provisional COVID-19 Death Counts by Week Ending Date and State,» Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Death-Counts-by-Week-Ending-D/r8kw-7aab.

337

Jack Healy, «These Are the 5 People Who Died in the Capitol Riot,» The New York Times, January 11, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/us/who-died-in-capitol-building-attack.html.

338

«Public Trust in Government: 1958–2021,» Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/05/17/public-trust-in-government-1958-2021.

339

Ian McNulty, «Next Generation to Reopen Li'l Dizzy's, Reviving New Orleans Restaurant Legacy,» January 2, 2021, NOLA.com, www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_a346001a-4d49-11eb-b927-a73cacd63596.html.

340

Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, trans. Arthur Waley (New York: Random House, 1989), Bk. 10.

341

Sarah Zhang, «Archaeologists Find Evidence of the First Rice Ever Grown,» The Atlantic, May 29, 2017, www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/rice-domestication/528288.

342

John Christensen, «Scientist at Work. Ingo Potrykus: Golden Rice in a Grenade-Proof Greenhouse,» The New York Times, November 21, 2000, www.nytimes.com/2000/11/21/science/scientist-at-work-ingo-potrykus-golden-rice-in-a-grenade-proof-greenhouse.html.

343

Interview with Dr. Brian Woolf by Amy Webb, August 15, 2020.

344

J. Madeleine Nash, «This Rice Could Save a Million Kids a Year,» Time, July 31, 2000, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997586,00.html.

345

«The Rockefeller Foundation: A Long-Term Bet on Scientific Breakthrough,»Rockefeller Foundation, https://engage.rockefellerfoundation.org/story-sketch/rice-biotechnology-research-network.

346

См. прим. 4.

347

Mary Lou Guerinot, «The Green Revolution Strikes Gold,» Science 287, no. 5451 (January 14, 2000): 241–43, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5451.241.

348

См. прим. 6.

349

David Barboza, «AstraZeneca to Sell a Genetically Engineered Strain of Rice,» The New York Times, May 16, 2000, www.nytimes.com/2000/05/16/business/astrazeneca-to-sell-a-genetically-engineered-strain-of-rice.html.

350

«GM Rice Patents Given Away,» BBC News, August 4, 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/865946.stm.

351

Margaret Wertheim, «Frankenfoods,» LA Weekly, July 5, 2000, www.laweekly.com/frankenfoods.

352

«Monsanto Pushes 'Golden Rice,'» CBS News, August 4, 2000, www.cbsnews.com/news/monsanto-pushes-golden-rice.

353

Ed Regis, «The True Story of the Genetically Modified Superfood That Almost Saved Millions,» Foreign Policy, October 17, 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/17/golden-rice-genetically-modified-superfood-almost-saved-millions.

354

Robert Paarlberg, «A Dubious Success: The NGO Campaign Against GMOs,» GM Crops and Food 5, no. 3 (November 6, 2014): 223–28, https://doi.org/10.4161/21645698.2014.952204.

355

Mark Lynas, «Anti-GMO Activists Lie About Attack on Rice Crop (and About So Many Other Things),» Slate, August 26, 2013, https://slate.com/technology/2013/08/golden-rice-attack-in-philippines-anti-gmo-activists-lie-about-protest-and-safety.html.

356

См. прим. 15.

357

Joel Achenbach, «107 Nobel Laureates Sign Letter Blasting Greenpeace over GMOs,» The Washington Post, June 30, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/06/29/more-than-100-nobel-laureates-take-on-greenpeace-over-gmo-stance.

358

Jessica Scarfuto, «Do You Trust Science? These Five Factors Play a Big Role,» Science, February 16, 2020, www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/do-you-trust-science-these-five-factors-play-big-role.

359

Cary Funk, Alex Tyson, Brian Kennedy, and Courtney Johnson, «Scientists Are Among the Most Trusted Groups Internationally, Though Many Value Practical Experience over Expertise,» Pew Research Center, September 29, 2020, www.pewresearch.org/science/2020/09/29/scientists-are-among-the-most-trusted-groups-in-society-though-many-value-practical-experience-over-expertise.

360

Sam Meredith, «Brazil Braces for Renewed Covid Surge as Bolsonaro Faces Parliamentary Inquiry over Pandemic Response,» CNBC, May 14, 2021, www.cnbc.com/2021/05/14/brazil-fears-third-covid-wave-as-bolsonaro-faces-parliamentary-inquiry.html.

361

Sanjeev Miglani and Devjyot Ghoshal, «PM Modi's Rating Falls to New Low as India Reels from COVID-19,» Reuters, May 18, 2021,